Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 20.djvu/842

* YAEMOUTH. 712 YATES. Canada, ou a small bay of the Atlantic, and the Dominion and Atlantic Railroad, 205 miles south- west of Halifax (Map: Xova Scotia, C 6). It is the chief shipbuilding place in the province. It has also large fishery interests. Poinilatiou, in 1891, 6089; in 1901, 6430. YARN (AS. yearn, OHG. yarn, Gcr. Gum, yarn). The name applied to the thread spun for the purpose of weaving cloths of various kinds. It differs not only in the materials of which it is made, but also in the fineness to which it is spun. The latter quality is of great importance, as upon it depends entirely the evenness and quality of the manufacture. In order that uni- formity may be insured, a pound of the material is taken as the standard, and this is divided into hanks or cuts. Thus, with linen yarn, a hank or cut consists of 300 yards; and if it takes 25 of these hanks to make a pound, the yarn is called 25s: and if 40. 40s; and so on. A hank of wool or cotton consists of 840 yards. See Spin- ning ; Cotton ; Wool. YAEOSLAV, yar'os-laf. A government of Central Russia (Map: Russia, E 3). Area, about 13,750 square miles. Agriculture is the principal occupation. The household indus- tries are developed in Yaroslav as they are in but few parts of Russia. Linen-weaving is especially important and has for its centre the industrial village of Velikoj-e. The production of locks, knives, nails, agricultural implements, etc., is considerable. There are besides a number of cotton and flour mills, paper mills, chemical works, etc. The transit trade in grain is impor- tant. Population, in 1884, 1,118,130; in 1897, 1,072,478, YAROSLAV, The capital of the Government of Yaroshiv, in Central Russia, situated on the right bank of the Volga, 174 mil^s north- east of Moscow (Map: Russia, E 3), It is an ancient town with a number of interest- ing old churclies. The manufacturing industries are important. The leading establisliments are a cotton mill, tobacco factories, flour mills, and paint factories. Population, in 1897, 70,610. Yaroslav was founded in the eleventh century and was the capital of a principality from the beginning of the thirteenth to the end of the fif- teenth century, when the principality was ab- soi'bed by Moscow' See the article Rrssn, section on History. YAROSLAV (?-10.54), Grand Prince of Kiev, son of Vladimir Id. 1015), Upon his father's deatli lie inherited Novgorod, Soon afterward Svatopolk of Turov gained possession of Kiev, Avhicli in 1019 was wrested from him by Yaroslav with Scandinavian aid, .After the death of his elder brother Mstislav, in 1039, Yaroslav was ruler of the greater part of what then consti- tuted Russia. He founded, among other towns, the city of Yaroslav, He married Indegerd. daughter of the Swedish King Olaf, His deeds were celclirated in some of the Norse sagas. YAR'RELL, William (1784-1850). An Eng- lish naturalist, born in London. He was one of the founders of the Zo'llogical Society in 1826. His chief works are: History of liritish Fishes. illu.strated by 400 woodoits {2 vols., 1835-30; 3d cd., with memoir of the author, 1859) ; and History of British liirds, with 520 wood engrav- ings (3 vols., 18.S9-43; 4th ed. 1881-85). YAR'ROW. A small stream in Selkirkshire, Southern Scotland, joining the Ettrick, a tribu- tary of the Tweed, near Selkirk, On its banks are the ruins of Newark Castle, and Bowhill, the ducal seat of Buceleuch, The stream and its historic and beautiful surroundings have been celebrated by many i^oets, among them Scott and Wordsworth, YARROW, A genus of plants. See AciiiL- LE.. YARUMAL, ya'ror.-mal'. A town of the De- partmrnt of Antioquia, Colombia. 52 miles north- east of Medellin. on the right bank of the Cauta. In the vicinity are gold mines and extensive pas- tures. Population, about 10,000. YASSY, ytis'ss. See Jassy. YATES, Edmund Hodgson (1831-94). A British journalist and novelist, born in Edin- burgh. He was educated at a Highgate school and privately in Germany. At the age of sixteen he entered the general post-olHce and rose to the head of the missing-letter department. In 1872 he retired from the post-ollice on a pension of £200 a year that he might devote his time wholly to literature. In that year he came to the L'nited States on a lecturing tour, and in 1873 and 1874 he was London correspondent for the .Vcic ii'pri:- Herald. Of his numerous journalistic ventures, the most successful was The ]Vorld, a London so- ciety paper, which he founded in 1874, For an attack on Thackeray in Town Talk, he was ex- pelled from the Garrick Club (1858) ; and for a libel on the Earl of Lonsdale in The World (1883), he was imprisoned for seven weeks (1885). He died in London, May, 20, 1894. Yates's first novel was Broken to Harness; a Story of English Domestic Life, which appeared in Temple Bar for 1804, a magazine which he was then editing. Among the many novels that followed are Land at Last (1860)"; The Black Sheep (1867); Nobody's Fortune (1871); and The Impending Sword (1874). Besides number- less magazine articles and sketches, Yates also wrote several successful far<-es, and finally .a valuable and interesting autobiography entitled lievullcctions and Experiences (1884). YATES, Richard (1818-73), An American political leader, the 'war Governor' of Illinois. He was born in Warsaw, Ky. ; removed with his ]iarents in 1831 to Springfield. 111.: graduated at Illinois College, Jacksonville, in 1838: and practiced law in Springfield, He became prom- inent in local Whig i)olitics, was a member of the State Legislature from 1842 to 1849, an,d from 1851 to 1855 was a member of Congress. Allying himself with the Republican Party at its organization, he was its c:in(lid:ite for (Jov- crnor in 1860, and was elected, serving until 1865, The activity and loyally displayed by liim during this time nuirked him as one of the great- est of the country's 'war Governors.' His advice was constantly sought by President Lincoln in re- gard to national problems, and in State affairs he overcame and controlled the strong pro-South- ern movement that developed great strength in Illinois during the darkest days of the war. From 1865 iintil 1871 he was a member of the l'nited States Senate, and took a ]irominent part in reconstruction legishition. His son. KiCIIAKD (ISiiO — ), was elected Governor of Illinois as a Re|)ubliean for the term 1901-05.