Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 20.djvu/838

* YAMA. 708 YANCEY. ■swers in part to the Indian Yama, but is also the ideal ruler under whose sway the golden age of the world prevailed. Consult Ehni, Die nr- spriingliche Gottheit des vedischen Xama (Leip- zig, 189G). YAMACRAW, ya'nia-kra. A refugee band from the Creek confederacy ( see Creeks ), formerly occupying a village on the south side of the Sa- vannah Ri"er at Yaraacraw Blufl', now included within the limits of the city of Savannah, Ga. A treaty was made in 1733 between the Georgia ■colonists and the Lower Creek towns. The Yama- craw afterwards retired to the Chattahoochee River, from which they had originally come. The name ajipears to be a corruption of Yamassee (q.v.). YAMADA, ya-m;i'da. A town of .Japan. See I'.JI-Y.iMAD.V. YAMAGATA, yu'mii-ga'ta. The capital of the Prefecture of Yamagata, in Japan, situated in the northern part of the island of Hondo, about 40 miles north of Fukushima (Map: Japan, G 4). It is a former castle town, is well built, and has a considerable trade. Population, in isns. 3.5,300. YAMAGATA, Aritomo, Marquis (1838—). A Japanese general and statesman. He was born in the Provinceof Choshu. the son of a Samurai or member of the feudal warrior class. He dis- tinguished himself in the suppression of the Shoguns and was given a place in the Ministry of War under the new rggime. He was made Minister of War in 1873. At the outbreak of the Satsuma rebellion in 1877, he defeated Saigo and was rewarded with the command of the Imperial Guard and the direction of the general staff. In 1885 he was given the port- folio of the Interior, in 1889 succeeded Kuroda as Premier, and in 1891 became Minister of .Jus- tice. In the Chinese War of 1894-95 he swept the enem.y out of Korea, crossed the Yalu, and was marching upon Mukden when ill health forced him to retire. For his services he was elevated to the njarquisate and appointed field- marshal. YAMAGUCHI, yii'mii-goo'che. The capital •of the Prefecture of Yamaguchi, in Japan, situ- ated in the southwestern end of the island of Hondo, a short distance from the coast (Map: .Japan, B 6). It was formerly the seat of the famous lords of Choshu. A Christian mission was established here bv Saint Francis Xavier in 15.50. Population, in 1899, 42,786. YAMAJI, yli'ma-je, MoToiiARU, Viscount (C.1S40 — ). A Japanese general, born in the Province of Tosa (Shikoku). He is popularly known as the One-eyed Dragon. He Avon recog- nition in the Satsuma rebellion; was jn'omoted to be lieutenant-general, and after the reorganiza- tion of the nobility in 1884 was created a baron. During the Chinese campaign of 1894-95 he made a brilliant attack on Port .Arthur. In acknowl- edgment of his military services, he was pat- ented a viscount in 1895. YAMAMAI MOTH. See Sii.KwoKir. YAM'ASSEE (peaceable, hospitable). A tribe of .Mnskhogean stock (q.v.) formerly hold- ing both sides of the lower Savannah River and extending as far as the Salkiehatchee in iSnuth Carolina. They seem also to :r li:id some vil- lages southward almost to Florida. At the time of the settlement of South C^arolina they were one of the most important tribes of the coast region and were friendly to the colonists until the exactions of the traders and the raids of slave dealers provoked them to war. They en- listed the Catawba, Cherokee, Congaree, and other tribes almost to the Virginia border in a general rising against the whites, and began the war on April 15, 1715. They were defeated on the Salkiehatchee by Governor Craven a year afterwards and were driven from South Carolina, retiring to Florida, where they were welcomed as friends and allies by the Spaniards. They were finally incorporated into the cognate Creeks and Seminole, among whom tlicy retained their dis- tinct name up to the period of the Creek War. YAMBOLI, ; Im'bo-le. or JAMBOLI. A town in Eastern Kumelia. 49 miles west of Burgas, on the Tunja River, here spanned by two bridges (Map: Balkan Peninsula. F 3 I. The remains of an old mosque and the old fortifications are of interest. There are prominent wine and wool interests. Population, aliout 14.000. YAMBU, yiimaioo, or YEMBU. The port of Medina, in Arabia, situated on the Red Sea, about 120 miles west-southw-est of that city (Map: Turkey in Asia, P 11). Population, esti- mated at from 5000 to 7000. Yambu is im- portant for its pilgrims' caravans, being on the route from Cairo to Mecca. It is called the 'Gate of the Holy City.' Its houses are con- structed of coral stone and limestone. It carries on a considerable trade with the ports of the Red Sea. YAMEO, y;"i-ma'cj. An important tribe, with several subtrilies and apparently constituting a distinct linguistic stock, ranging along the Maranon (Amazon) from the Huallaga down to the Javary and also along the lower courses of these two streams, in Northeastern Peru. They are also known as Llameo, Lama, and Lamista, and a part of them at least were anciently known as Jlotilon, but are not to be confounded with another tribe of the same name formerly living upon Lake Maracaibo in Venezuela. (See JIOTILON.) Physically the Yameo are small and rather Mongoloid in appearance, contrasting strongly with the other trilies of the region. They were formerlv very warlike, but are now agricultural and indistrious. as well as enter- prising traders and travelers. They had a highly developed clan system and marriage within the elan was forbidden. A part of them were civi- lized by the Franciscans and settled at Moyo- bamba and other stations on the Huallaga, where they are now farmers and cotton-weavers. Those farther to the east were also visited by mis- sionaries at a later period, but retain their orig- inal chnracter. YAMUNA, y;i'muon:'i. The S:inskrit name of till- l!i rr •luiiiiia (q.v.). YANAON, viVna'd.N'. A French possession in India, on the eastern coast of Madras, near the mouth of the Godavari River (Map: India, B 5). It is an administrative dependency of Pondicherry (q.v.). .Area, about six sqiiare miles. Population, about 5000 in 1901. YAN'CEY, WiT.i.iAM Lowndes (1814-63). An .American orator, lawyer, and political leader,