Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 20.djvu/797

* WYANT. 681 WYATT. one of the founders of the American Water-Color Society, a member of the Society of American Artists, anil of the National Academy of De- sign. Among his paintings in oil are a "View on Lake George"' (1875) ; a "Scene in the Adiron- dacks" (1882) ; "An October Day," and a "Land- scape" (18!)2). In water-color are "Sunset on the Prairie" (1870), and "Reminiscences of tlie Connecticut" (1878). The Metropolitan Mu- seum in New York possesses four good examples of his work. His color is ]iure, and lie bandied his brush in a highly individual manner, by which he secured striking atmosplicric ell'ects. WY'ATT (WYATE, WYAT, or WYET), Sir Francis (c. 1575-1044) . A colonial De|)uly (jovernor of Virginia, born in England. In 1021 he was chosen by the Virginia Company to suc- ceed Deputy Governor Sir George Yeanlley, and in October of that year arrived at Jamestown with a fleet of nine sails. With him he brought a written constitution, memoral)Ie as the first instrument of the kind ever in use in America. With the first year of Wyatt's governorship twenty-one vessels bearing more than 1300 set- tlers arrived in the colon.Vj but in 1022 occurred a great disaster in the form of an Indian up- rising. (See Virginia.) When the charter was annulled in 1024, Wyatt remained Deputy Ciov- ernor under a royal commission, but in 1025 he returned home. He was again sent out in 1030, but after a stormy administration of about eight- een months was succeeded by Sir William Berke- ley. WYATT, James (1740-1813). An English architect. He was born at Burton Constable, Staffordshire, and at fourteen attracted the notice of Lord Bagot, ambassador to the Pope, who took him to Rome. He remained there for three or four .vears, and during the two follow- ing years studied with Antonio Vicentini at Venice. About 1700 he returned to England. He first attracted popular notice by rebuilding the old Pantheon in Oxford Street in 1772. From this time he was constantly eniplo,ved on impor- tant buildings, using first the Italian style, but after his appointment as surveyor to Westminster Al)bey in 1770, the Gothic. He soon made this style popular ; was conunissioned to restore Salis- liury, Lincoln, Liclificld. and Hereford cathe- drals; built Fonthill Abbey for Beckford in 1705; and was employed by George III. at Windsor Castle. In 1785 he became a Ro,val Academician. Wyatt's conception of the Gothic style was some- what crude and the lack of judgment which he displayed in the restoration of churches must be unreservedly condemned; but since to him was due the widespread interest in the English Gothic style, he scarcely deserved the name "The Destroyer," by which the antiquaries of his day knew him. WYATT. Sir Matthew Digby (1820-77). An English architect and writer on art. After his apprenticeship and his study for some time at the Royal Academy, he went in 1844 to the Continent and studied the architecture of Italy, France, and Germany, making an especial study of decorative art in its various applications. He returned to England in J840, and in 1848 pub- lished Geometrical Mosaics of the Middle -t^cs. As secretary to the Royal Commissioners he took an important part in the arrangements of the 1851 exhibition. In 1850 he was appointed archi- tect to the East India C'orapan.y. In 18GG he re- ceived the royal gold medal of the Royal Institute of British Architects, and in 1800 he was cho.sen Slade professor of fine arts at Cainl)ridge. His chief publications are: Metal H'ocA; and Its Ar- lislic Design (1852); Industrial Arts of the Nineteenth Century (1853); Art Treasures of the United Kinydom (1857); Fine Art (1870); and Architect's Notebook in Hpain (1872). WYATT, Sir Thomas (c.1.503-42) . An Eng- lish poet and diplomatist, born on his father's estate of Allington, near Maidstone in Kent. His father. Sir Hcniy Wyatt, of a family originally of Yorkshire, stood high in favor with both Henry VII. and Henry VIII. The younger Wyatt studied at Saint .John's College, Cambridge, from 1515 to 1520. In that year he married Elizabeth Brooke, daughter of Lord Cobham, but already he had been the lover of Anne Bnlcyn (q.v.), and liis bovish intimacy was ended only by her death. Through his father's influence and his own personality a career at court was open to him. In this sphere, as one of the most accom- plished men of bis day, of noble presence and fine manners, of honor and integrity, and skillful in the management of affairs, he was thoroughly qualified to succeed. Wyatt visited Venice, l<>r- rara, Bologna, Florence, and Rome. In 1520 and 1530 he was high marshal at Calais. 'The favors of Anne Boleyn having now been sought by the King, Wyatt confessed his relations and tried to dissuade the King on the ground that her character was not beyond reproach. In 1530 the scandal aroused by Anne Boleyn's adulteries threatened to overwhelm Wyatt. In May he was committed to the Tower, but after Anne> death he went free, was endowed with more honors, was made sheriff of Kent, and was sent on an enibass.v to Spain (1537-30). He was sent to Flanders in 1540 on the fall of his patron at court, Thomas Cromwell. W.yatt was sent to the Tower, accused of treason, but after explana- tion and confession, he regained the King's con- fidence and enjoyed it to a greater degree even than before the accusation. Granted lands at Lambeth by Henry VIII., named high steward of the King's manor of Maidstone, elected to Parlia- ment for Kent, all in 1542, death overtook him in the same year. Wyatt shares with Surrey the honor of intro- ducing the sonnet into English verse; as he waa the elder by some years, and a student of Pe- trarch while Surrey was a mere child, the evi- dence seems to give him the preference. Lender Petrarch's influence he attempted to give Eng- land a new kind of verse based not on accent, but on syllabic quantity. Wyatt also tried his hand at the terza rima. Love is the theme of most of his lyrics and Anne Boleyn is the mistress of his song. In his sacred poems Wyatt shows the influence of Dante and of Alamanni. His poems, together with those of Surre.v, who was his poetical pupil, were published in London. 1557. A more elaborate edition prepared bv Dr. Nott, in two volumes, was issued in 181.5-10 in Lon- don. Consult: Simonds, .S'lc Thomas Wyatt and His Poems (Boston, 1880) : Nott, "Memoir," prefixed to Works (London, 1815-16). WYATT, Sir Thomas (1521 ?-54). An Eng- lish soldier, son of Sir Thomas Wyatt, the poet, surnanied "the Younger." He did good service at the siege of Boulogne (1544), displaying con-