Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 20.djvu/790

* WEYMOUTH. lated form (Delohpis viigatus) inhabits Puget Sound and northward. g^^?iS5S*?*t»:«4^f^S WRYMOCTB (CryptacautlnuIrK umculatus). WRY-NECK, or Tokticollis. A disease characterized by a spasm of the muscles of the neck, which results in tilting the head to one side and raising the chin, the point of which is directed toward the sound side. Spasmodic wry- neck is a nerve disease. The symptoms are pain in the neck and spasm, at first clonic and intermittent, later tonic and fairly persistent. The sterno-mastoid and the upper fibres of the trapezius are the muscles aft'ected. In a rare form both sides are afiected and the head is drawn backward. The neurosis involves the bulbar and lower cerebral centres. The disease is rarely cured. A great number of drugs are suggested, including opium, atropine, conium, zinc, asafcetida, chloral, bromides, cocaine, gelsemium. The galvanic and faradaic currents are useful, as also massage and systematic ex- ercise. Partial cutting of the tendon of the sterno-mastoid has been the resort in some cases, with a few cures resulting. WRYNECK. A genus of small birds of the woodpiH-ker family, liaving a short, straight, coni- cal beak; the feet with two toes in front and two behind ; and a sliort, rounded tail of soft feathers, utterly unlike the tail of a woodpecker. There are several species, one of which, the com- mon wryneck (lynx torquilla), is a summer visitant of Great Britain and the North of Europe. It is seven inches long, of a rusty ash color, irregularly spotted with brown and black. It feeds on caterpillars and insects, and is often seen on the ground near ant-hills, feed- ing on ants and their 'eggs.' The construction of its tongue resembles that of woodpeckers. The wrj-neck does not chisel out a nest, but deposits its eggs on fragments of decayed wood in a cavity in a tree. The name 'wryneck' is derived from" the bird's habit of writhing its head and neck quickly with ah undulating snake-like mo- tion, often accompanied by a hissing noise. See Plate of Woodpeckers. WU-CHANG, wuo'chang'. A fii or depart- mental city of China, capital of the Province of Hu-pcli, .nnd the seat of the Governor-(Tencral of the combined provinces of Hunan and Ilu-peh. It stands on the right bank of the Yang-tse River, opposite Han-yang, and diagonally op- posite Hankow (Ma))'; China, t) .'5). Its lofty walls inclose considerable space, and it is a place of much importance, liaving a college, a govern- ment mint, cotton-mills, an ore-crushing mill and other industries, and it has electric !i<rhts. Its north gate is surmounted by an imposing tower. The city is included in the port and customs district of Hankow. Population, with it.s suburbs, 500.000 to 000,000. WU-CHOW, woT/chou'. A fu or department- al city of the Province of Kwang-si. China, on the left bank of the Si-kiang or West River, 674 WULKER. about 200 miles west of Canton (Map: China, D 7). It was opened as a treaty port in 1898, and forms an admirable distributing point for the provinces of Yunnan. Kwei-chow, and Kwang- si. It lies in a highly cultivated and picturesque region, but is subject to inundations in summer. Its exports include star-aniseed, pearl barley, native coal, firewood, glue, raw hemp, hides, indigo, leather, medicines, tin, sugar, poultry, tea, wood, and aniseed and other oils. The prin- cipal imports are kerosene, matclies, betelnuts, woolen and cotton goods, aniline dyes, fish, flour, gj-psuiTi, and lamps. Population, about 50,000. Wtr-HU, woU'hTTo'. A hicn or district city of the Province of Xgan-hwei, China, which gives its name to a river-port on the Yang-tse opened as a treaty port in 1877. It lies about a mile from the right bank of the river, from which it is reached by a wide creek. It is about 125 miles below Xgan-king-fu, the capital of the province, and GO miles above Nanking ( Map : China, E 5 ). It is walled, is connected by several canals and creeks with productive districts in the interior, and is thus Avell adapted for foreign trade. Its. native industries are represented by its cutlery, and its red cord, for which it is noted; and in the vicinity are several coal-mines, in which for- eign capitalists are interested. The city suffered greatly during the Taiping rebellion, but under the influence of foreign trade is now reviving and prosperous. Population, about 100,000. WTJLFENITE (named in honor of Wulfen, WiiJffcu. an Austrian mineralogist of the eigh- teenth century). A mineral lead molybdate crys- tallized in the tetragonal system. It has a resi- nous lustre, and is yellow to orange and red in color, sometimes passing into green. It occurs in veins with various ores of lead, and is found at various localities in Austria, Hungary. Siberia, Saxony, France, Colombia. Mexico, and in the United States at the lead mines in Massachu- setts, Pennsylvania, Nevada, Utah, and New Mexico. A variety containing chromium has been found, to which the name cln-omowulfeiiite has been given. WUL'FILA. A bishop of the Goths. See ULFn..s. WULF'STAN, WULSTAN, or WOLSTAN. The name of three Anglo-Saxon prelates and au- thors. ( I ) A monk of Winchester in the ninth cen- tury, who was author of a Latin poem on the miracles of Saint Swithin. (2) An. archbishop of York in 1003, and the author of two pastoral letters and several scrnums in .Vnghi-Saxon. (.'?) A bishop of Worcester (c.]007-y.3), and a saint of the English calendar. He was born at Icen- tum. in Warwickshire, and was educated at Evesham and Peterborough. He became a priest and afterwards a monk. He was made prior of the monastery of Worcester, and in 1002 bishop of that see. He lived through the troubles of - the Norman Conquest, and enjoyed the favor not only of the conqieror. but of William Rufiis. He is regarded by some as the aiithor of that portion of the. gIo-Saxon Chronicle which extends from lo:!t In tlio death of the Comiucror. WULKER. viiTker, RiCTiARn PAri. (1S4.5— 1. .'V (icrman phihdoL'ist, born at Frankforton-the- Main. He was eclicatcil at the universities of Berlin, Leipzig, and Marburg. In 1875 he was appniiited professor of English at Leipzig. He