Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 20.djvu/770

* WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 658 WORMELEY. profit, which, however, was considerably dimin- ished by the expense of removing the bnildings, etc. An ofiicial account of the Exposition is given in a History of the ^Vot^hl's Columbian Ex- position Held in Chicago in 1893, edited by Rossi- ter .Jolmson (New York, 1897-98), in four vol- umes. WORLD'S WOMAN'S CHRISTIAN TEM- PERANCE UNION. An international associa- tion orL'anized tlnough the instrumentality of Miss Frances E. Willard (q.v.). Mrs. Margaret Bright Lucas, at that time president of the British Woman's Temperance Association, was the first president. She was succeeded by iliss Willard. who held the position until her death in 1898. when Lady Henry Somerset of England be- came president. The first world's convention was held in Faneuil Hall, Boston, in 1891, being the first international woman's convention of any kind ever held. Conventions have since been held in Chicago (1893), in London (1895), in Toronto. Can. (1897), in Edinburgh (1900|. and in Geneva (1903). Fifty-six nations are now af- filiated with the World's Woman's Christian Temperance Union, and the presidents of the na- tional societies are ex-officio vice-in-esidents of the World's Union. The Round the World missionaries who have gone out under the auspices of the World's Wo- man's Christian Temperance L'nion are Mrs. Mary Clement Leavitt, of Massachusetts, who before the organization of the World's Union had organized many national unions; Miss Jessie Ackerman, of California, who organized miions in Australia and federated them into a National Woman's Christian Temperance I'Hicni. of which she became president; jlrs. Elizabeth Wlieeler Andrew, and Dr. Kate C. Bushnell. of Evanston, HI., whose work had contributed to the breaking down of the system of legalized vice in the In- dian Empire, and brought to light the abuses of the opium trade of India and China ; Miss Mary Allen West, of Illinois, who fell at her post in Japan after a few weeks of heroic exertion ; Miss Clara Parrish (now Jlrs. Wright), who took up the work where Miss West laid it down; Miss Alice Palmer, who remained nearly three years in South Africa, placing the Woman's Christian Temperance Union there on a firm basis; Mrs. J. K. Barney, of Rhode Island, who paid particu- lar attention to evangelistic work in penal insti- tutions : Miss Kara O. Smart ; and Mrs. Addie Northam Fields. Other Worlil's missionaries are under appointment. The most important special work undertaken by the World's Woman's Christian Temperance Union has been the polyglot petition for Home Protection, as Miss Villard named it. addressed "To the Governments of the World (Collectively and Severally)". This jietition. written by Miss Willard, was circulated tliroughout the world, and the signatires came in fifty languages. There were 771."200 names in all, excUisive of the 3.")0.- 000 that came from (Jreat Hritain. The jietition was presented to President Cleveland on Febru- ary 19, 1897. WORM (AS. Wj/rm, Goth. i<,((!in)i.s-, OIIG. wiirm, Ger. Wurm, worm, snake, dragon; con- nected with Lat. vermis, ORnss. i;erm!e, worm, Gk. l>6ixos, rhomos, wood-worm ) . h popular term for a great variety of animals, variously is common in the where its small JAWS OF ANNELID WORMS. a. Liimbrironereites basahS' b, (Enonites rostratus; c, conodoiit of Prisnioiius ele- I I'olyg- classified. All are of low organization, and gen- erally of elongated form and with very short legs or none at all. Many caterpillars, moreover, maggots, grubs, and other larval forms of in- sects are popularly, but unscientifically, called 'worms.' See CLA.s.siriCATiox of Amm.ls; A.N"XUL.TA: ASCAKI.S; CeSTODA; EARTnW(,BM; Extozoa; Flatwor.m; G!oruiu.s ; Leech; Nema- THELMIXTIIES ; NeMERTIXE.A. ; P.^LOLO; ROUXU- WORM; ScOLECIDA ; SeRPUL. ; THREAD- WOBMS : Trichixa; Vermes; and similar titles. F"ossiL Worms. Fossil worms are known from geological formations of all ages. The tube-dwell- ing worms are represented by Serpula, which is common from the Jurassic upward and which is very abundant in some beds of Lower Creta- ceous age in Germany and known on that account as the SSerpulitenkalk' and 'Serpulitensand.' Spirorbis, also a recent genus, Upper Paleozoic formations, spiral tubes are often fovuid on fragments of shells and on the leaves and roots of Devonian and Car- boniferous plants. Oth- er Paleozoic genera are Autodetus, Cornu- lites, Conchieolites, Ortonia ; and perhaps also Tentaculites rossiL (q.v.) may be in- cluded liere. Burrows and trails are com- mon in all beach and ^^''f- d- ^ifdout sandy shallow - water formations, but the form of the worms that made them can seldom be determined. Scolithus, Ar- throphycus, Planolites, Scolecoderma, and many other generic terms have been a]i|)lied to the dift'er- ent forms. Impressions of the bodies of worms and also their excrements are common in the Jlesozoic rocks (Eunieites and Lumbricaria), and have been found also in the Paleozoic; Nereites in the Cambrian, and Planolites and Gyrichnites in the Devonian. Conodonts (q.v.) are found in most formations from Ordovician to Carljoniferous age. Consult Von Zittel and Eastman, Textbook of rulruntolofjij (New York and London, 1900). WORM-EATING WARBLER. One of the most interesting and widely distributed of Ameri- can warblers (q.v.). It is olive-green, yel- low on the un- d e r surface, with darker stripes on its crown. It makes its nest in a well-hidden hol- 1 o w of the ground in the woods, and breeds ])lentifully northward to Illi- nois and southern New England. Its scientific iiniur is llrhiiinllicnis vermivorus. WORME'LEY, Katharink Prescott (1S.30- — ). .An .American translator and author, born in Ipswich, Enghind. The daughter of a (British admiral, she came to the United States in girl- hood and first gained distinction by her active WORM-KATING WARBLEIl.