Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 20.djvu/759

* WOOLNEB. 649 WOOLSON. WOOL'NER, Thomas (1825-02). An English sculptor anil poot, liorn at Hadlcifj;!), Suffolk. He was cdiicatLHl at Ijiswicli ami in London, lir.st in the studio of William Uchncs and aftcrwaids at the Royal Aeadcniy. In 1843 he exhibited his first work, "Eleanor Sucking the Poison from the Arm of Prince Edward." This and other works attracted some notice, but brought him little income, and from 184S to 1852 he devoted himself to making portrait medallions, by which he earned only a meagre livelihooil. In 1847 he made the acquaintance of Rossctti, and in 1850 he was one of the "Pre-Raphaelite Brother- hood" which published the short-lived Verm. To this periodical he contributed several statu- esque poems, notably "My Lady Beautiful," after- wards repul)lished in book form (lStS3). He became an associate of tixe Royal Academy in 1871 and an Academician in 1874. Wool- ner's statues are characterized by much dig- nity, and his portrait busts and medallions are faithful as well as pleasing. Among his impor- tant works are busts of Tennyson ( 1857 and 1873), Darwin, Newman, Maurice, Carlyle, Glad- stone, Dickens, Kingsley, Temple, Huxley, Rajah Brooke, and Archdeacon Hare ; statues of Lord Macaulay (ISliO), of Dr. Whewell (1873), of John Stuart Mill (1878), and of Bishop Eraser (1888); and groups and figures. He published several volumes of verse. Consult : Stephens, in the Art Journal (March, 1894), and Garnet t, in the Diciioimry of yational Biography. WOOL'RYCH, HrjrpiiRT William (1705- 1871). An English legal writer, born at South- gate, Middlesex. He was educated at Eton Col- lege, Saint Edmund Hall, Oxford, and Lincoln's Inn, whence he was called to the bar in 1821. He wrote many legal volumes, the more important of which ax'e RigJtts of Common (1824) ; Lain of Certificates (1826) ; Law of Wai/s (1829) ; Com- mercial and .Mercantile Law of England (1829) ; Law of Waters and i^en:ers (1830) ; and Treatise on Misdemeanours (1842). WOOLSACK. The name given to the seat of the Lord Chancellor of England in the House of Lords. It is composed of a large square bag of wool without either back or arms, and covered with red cloth. The woolsack was introduced in the House of Lords as the Chancellor's seat dur- ing the reign of Queen Elizabeth, as a memento of an act which was passed against the exporta- tion of wool, then one of the main sources of the national wealth of England. WOOL'SEY, Sarah Challmcey (1835-1905). A popular writer for j'oung people under the pseudonym Susan Coolidge. She was born in Cleveland, Ohio, and subsequently lived in New- port, R. I. Her books include: The Neia Year's Bargain (1871) ; ^^hat Katij Did (1872), the beginning of a series of stories for young girls ; Verses (1880): A Guernse;/ Lily (1881); Mis- chief's Thanksgiving, and Other Stories (1884) ; A Little Country Qirl (1885); Ballads of Ro- mance and Biston/ (1887): and .1 Short His- tory of the City of Philadelphia (1887). She was editor of The .iutohiography and Correspond- ence of Mrs. Delancy (1879), and The Diary and Letters of Frances Burney (1880). WOOLSEY, TuEonoRis Dwic.ht (ISOl-SO). An American scholar, a descendant of .Jonathan Ed- wards and a nepliew of Timothy Dwight. He was born in New York City, where his father, William W. Woolsey, was a prosperous merchant. After graduating at Vale in 1S2I). lie spent a year in the study of law at Philadelphia, and two years at Princeton in the study of theology. He returned to New Haven and became a tutor in Yale, and then went abroad to jiursue the study of Greek in I^eipzig, Bonn, and Berlin. From 1831 to 184U he was [irofessor of Greek at Yale. For the promotion of classical literature he edited the (lorgias of Plato and four Greek tragedies. In 1840 he was chosen president of Yale, and, in accordance with ])rccedents. he was then onlained to the ministry of the Congrega- tional Cliurch. The breadth and accuracy of his scholarship were soon impressed upon the col- lege, and were particularly felt among the aca- demic undergraduates. Leaving Greek to younger men, he devoted himself to instruction' in his- tory, political economy, and political science, and especially international law. He was a fre- quent preacher in the college pulpit, and an in- fluential, though not a cons]iiciious, leader of public opinion during the stirring events which led up to the Civil War and the subsequent period of reconstruction. At the end of a quarter of a century, when he had reached the age of seventy, he resigned the presidency, continuing for a time to lecture on international law. Dur- ing his administration Yale College advanced in wealth and influence and two new departments, the Scientific School and the School of the Fine Ai-ts, were begun. He was one of the founders of the Vew Englander, and a frequent contril)utor to its pages; chairman of the American commis- sion for the revision of the Authorized Version of the Bible ; president of the World's Evangelical Alliance at its international meeting in New Y'ork; a lifelong member and at one time presi- dent of the American Oriental Society; and a regent of the Smithsonian Institution. His prin- cipal publications are: Editions of the .ilec^tis of Euripides (1834), of the .intigoix: of Sopho- cles (1835), of the Prometheus of .-Esehylus (1837), of the Elect ra of Sopliocles (1837), and of the Gorgias of Plato (1843); an edition of Lieber's Civil Liberty and Self -Government (1871), and Manual of Political Ethics (1871) ; an Introduction to the Study of Interna- tional Law (1860; many times republished); Essays on Divorce and Divorce Legislation (ISfiO) ; Religion of the Present and Future, a collection of sermons (1871); Political Science, or the State Theoretically and Practically Con- sidered (1877); Communism and Socialism, in Their History and Theory (1880); and Help- ful Thoughts for Young Men (1882). WOOLSEY, Theodore Salisbury (1852 — ). An American professor of law, born at New Haven, Conn., son of the preceding, and edu- cated at Y'ale University and Law School, after which he' traveled in Europe. In 1877 he became instructor in public law at Y'ale, and in 1878 professor of international law, and for a time dean of the Law School. He was one of the founders of the Yale Rericu- and a frequent contributor. He wrote several essays which were collected under the title of .America's Foreign Policy (1892), and he edited Woolsey's Interna- tional Law and Pontcroy's International Law. WOOLSON, Constance Fenimore (1848-94). An American novelist, born in Claremont, N.