Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 20.djvu/743

* WOODFALL. 635 WOOD-NYMPH. self, and in 1840 admitted his son, Henry Dick, as partner. He was regarded as one of the most eminent printers of his day, and ])ublished many works of great importance, the best known l)ein}j the 1812 edilion ot Juiiius's Letters. WOOD'FORD. A town in Essex, ICngland. S miles northeast of Saint Paul's, London (Map: London, CO). It lies in the |)ieturesi|ue ICpjiing Forest district. Population, in 1001, 13,800. WOODFOKD, Stew'AHT Lynhon {183.5—). An American lawj-er and diplon.tit, born in New York City. He graduated at (/<)luml>ia College in 1854; was admitted to the bar in 18.j7; served in the Federal Army from 1802 until 1805; was chief of stall for a time to (ien. (jhiincy A. Gill- more, in the Department of the South; and then was military commandant of Charleston and Savannali, and for his services received the brevet of brigadier-general of volunteers. In 1808-70 he was Lieutenant-Governor of New York ; in 1870 was an unsuccessful candidate for the Gov- ernorship on the Republican ticket against John T. Hoffman; and in 1873-75 was a member ot the National House of Representatives. From 1877 until 1SS3 he was United States District Attor- ney for the Southern District of New York; then ■engaged in private practice, and in 1897 was sent as alinister to Spain. Upon the outbreak of the Spanish-American War (q.v.) in 1808 he returned to the United States. WOOD'GREEN. A municipal suburb of Lon- don, in Middlesex, 014 miles north of Saint Paul's Cathedral (Map: London, C 7). Popula- tion, in 1801, 25,831; in 1001, 34,183. WOOD'HEAD, German Sims (1855—). An English pathologist, born at Huddersfield. He studied in Huddersfield College, Edinburgh LTni- versity, and in Berlin and Vienna. From 1870 till 1800 he was engaged in teaching first anat- flnn' and then jtathology, and in carrying on original investigations in the Minto House School of Medicine, Edinburgh University, the Edin- tui'gii Royal Infirmary, and the Royal College of Physicians. In 1890 he was made professor of pathology in Cambridge L^niversity. His works include: Practical Patholorjy (188'3); Patholog- ical Mycoloyij (with A. W. Hare, 1885) ; Bac- teria, and Their Products (1801) ; and Report to the Royal Commission on Tuberculosis (1895). "WOOD-HEN. The weka (q.v.). WOOD'HOUSE, Robert (1773-1827). An English mathematician and astronomer, born at Norwich. He studied at Cains College, Cam- bridge, where he received a fellowship in 1798. He became Lucasian professor of mathematics in 1820, Plumian professor of astronomy and ex- perimental ]ihilosophy in 1822, and director of the observatory in 1824. His chief service to mathematical teaching was in clarifying the Con- tinental methods of the infinitesimal calculus, in advocating the use of its notation, and in show- ing its application to physical problems. Among his works are: Plnve and f^phcrical Trigonometri/ (1809; 5th ed. 1827); A Treatise on Isoper'i- metrical Problems and the Calculus of Variations (1810); .1 Treatise on Astronomy (1812); Physical Astronomy (181S) ; and Principles of Analytical Cnlculafion M803). WOOD'HTJLL, Nathaniel (1722-76). An American soldier, l)orn in New York. He ac- companied General Abercromby (q.v.), as major. Vol. XX.^ll. on the disastrous Ticonderoga expedition of 1758, served under Bradstreet at Fort Frontenac, and in 1700 took part, as colonel, in General Amherst's campaign against Montreal. Subse- quently he was president of the New York Pro- vincial Congress in 1775-70; was appointed brigadier-general of militia in .ugust. 1775; and in August, 1770. was fatally wounded at Brook- lyn, L. I., after he luid surrendered. A Journal kept by him during the Jlontreal expedition of 1700 was ])rinteil in the Historical Mariazine for Septendier, 1801. Consult: Luther R. Marsh, General Woodhull anil His Monument (New York, 1848), and Henry Onderdonk, .Jr., Nar- rative of Woodhull's Capture and Death (New York, 1848). WOOD-IBIS. See Ibis ; Stork. WOOD-LARK. See Sktlark. WOOD-LOUSE. An isopod crustacean of the family Oniscida". The abdomen is very short, but is composed of six segments. Wood-lice are ter- restrial, and the respiratory organs are com- pletely infolded by perforated plates. They feed on decaying animal and vegetable matter. " They roll themselves up into a ball, so as to exhibit onl}' the plates of the back. Other popular names are 'pill-bug' (owing to the spherical form they assume when alarmed), 'sow-bug,' and 'arma- dillo.' See IsopODA. WOODMEN or AMERICA, Moderx. A fraternal and insurance order formed at Lyons, Iowa, in 1883. and chartered under the laws of Illinois in 1884. Divisions or branches are known as camps. The membership grew from G00_in 1884 to 210,000 in 1800. In 1902 it had 10,785 local camps and a total member.ship of 701,055. The order operates in Illinois. Minne- sota. Nebraska. Wisconsin. Jlichigan. Kansas, North Dakota, South Dakota, Missouri, Indiana, and Ohio, l)ut excludes from its operations the cities of Chicago, Detroit. ]Iilwaukee, Saint Louis, and Cincinnati. The total dishur.sements to memliers from the date of organization to January 1. I0n;5. were $27,508,384. WOODMEN OF THE WORLD, The. A fraternal and insurance order foiuided in 1890 at Omaha, Neb. The governing body is the Sovereign Camp of the World, the branches be- ing known as local camps. Wliite men alone are eligible. There is a Woman's Circle, which is in affiliation with the order, but of which Wood- men may become members. Women's circles meet in groves and all the circles and groves are governed by the Supreme Forest. Woodmen Joining between 10 and 33 become life members in 30 years. The order has one sovereign camp, tliree head camjis. and 5733 subordinate camps. The total membership in 1003 was 292,000. WOOD-NYMPH. Any of- several small, beautiful noctuid moths of the genus Euthisano- tia (or Eudryas), common in various parts of the LTnited States, and noted as enemies of the grapevine. The beautiful wood-nymph (Euthis- anotia grata) has creamy wdiite front wings, with a glassy surface and with a w-ide brownish- purple stripe along the outer margin, which ex- pand about 134 inches. The hind wings are clear, pale, ochre-yellow, with a brown band on the outer margin. The moth, which appears during midsummer, lays its eggs upon the leaves of grape and Virginia creeper, upon which evidently