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* WOOD. 629 WOODBURN. lie wns made a lirifjadiLT ^'cncial of vdluntoprs in October, 18(i), ami conimainlcil a division at yiiiloli, in tlio advance on Corinlli, at, I'erryville, and in tlie battle of Stone Kivcr, wlicre lie was severely wounded. Later he commanded a divi- sion at Chickamauga, Missionary lvid{;e, the relief of Knoxville, at Dalton. Kenesaw Moun- tain, the siege of Atlanta, and Lovejoy's Sta- tion, where he was again severely wounded. He commanded the Fourth Corps in the bat- tles of Franklin and Nashville, and in the pursuit of Hood. He was brevetted major-gen- eral. United States Army, in March, 1805, and retired from the service in June, 18G8. WOOD, Thomas WATERMAisr (1823-1903). An American genre painter, born at Montpelier, Vt. He received an academic education and studied art in Boston under Chester Hard- ing and for several years in Europe. In 1867 he settled in New York and was received as an Academician in 1871. From 1878 to 1887 he was president of the American Water Color So- ciety, and was elected vice-president of the Aeademj' in 1878 ami president in 1880. Of his paintings the Metropolitan Museum in New York possesses "The Contraband," "The Re- cruit," and "The Veteran." WOOD, William (15801630). An English colonist in America. He was born and educated in England. He emigrated to America in 1G20, remained in New England several years, and in 1633 returned to England. There he published Neir Eiiyland's Prospect (1634). This work, containing several curious maps, was the first published account of Massachusetts. It was re- issued in Boston in 1764 and 1865, in the latter year by the Prince Society. On his return to America, Wood settled in Lynn, which town he represented in the General Court in 1036. In 1037 he removed to Sandwich, where he was town clerk until his death. WOOD, Sir William Page, Baron Hatherly. See Hatuerly. WOOD ALCOHOL. See JIethyl Alcohol. WOOD-ANT. The English name of the 'red' or "hill' ant (Formica rufa). It was formerly supposed to occur in the United States, but the American 'red' ant is another species (For- mica exsectoides) . The wood-ant forms large mounds of small sticks and straws and bits of leaves, so arranged as to leave many spaces and contain galleries which penetrate the mounds and the earth below. Paths extend in all direc- tions from the mounds, usually straight toward the object aimed at. Frequently these objects are oak-trees infested by Aphides, for which the ants are constantly in search. Another ant of the family MyrmicidiE (Myrmicn Iwrifwdes) sometimes lives in perfect harmony with the wood-ant, together with several inquilines (q.v.). The workers have at least two different forms, the large workers carrying the building materials, and the .smaller workers searching for honeydew. The mounds are frequently of great age, perhaps a century or more. See Ant. WOODBERRY, George Edward (1855—). An American poet, erific, and educator, born in Beverly, Mass. He graduated at Harvard in 1877, and became professor of English at the University of Nebraska. In 1878-79 he was on the stair of the New Vork .Vridon, and the follow- ing two years was again at the University of Nei)raska. Until 1801 he lived at Beverly, en- gaged in literary work. He was a contributor to the A'tUmlic Monthly, and literary editor of the Boston Post. Then he was appointed professor of literature at Columbia University, and in 1800 became professor of comparative literature at the same institution, which position he resigned in .January, 1904. His first book was A History of Wotid-Enfiravinfi (1883). This was followed by an authoritative IJfc of Edgar Allan Poe in the "American .Men of Letters" series (1885); The orth Sliore Watch, and Other Poems (1890); Studies in Letters and Life (1890); Heart of Man (1809): Wild Eden (1899); Makers of Literature (1000); Nathaniel Haw- thorne, in "American ilen of Letters" series (1002); Collected Poems (1903); Atneriea in Literature (1903); and several books privately printed. He also edited The Complete Poetical Works of Percy liysshe Shelley (1892) ; Lamb's Essaijs of Elia (1892); The Works of Edgar Allan Poe (1894), with E. C. Stedman : and Select Poems of Aiihrey de Yere (1894), besides the "National Studies in American Letters," a series of volumes now in progress, several Eng- lish classics, and The Journal of Comparative Literature. WOOD BETONT. See Stachys. WOODBINE (AS. uniduhind, from wudu, vidn, wood -f hindan, to bind). A popular name for one of the European honeysuckles (Lonicera Pcrichymenum ). and by extension for various other kinds of honeysuckle (q.v.) ; in America, the Virginia creeper (Ampelopsis quinquefolia). See Ampelopsis. WOOD'BRIDGE, William (1780-1861). An American ])olitical leader and Governor of the State of Jlichigan. He was born at Norwich, Conn. ; moved with his father to Marietta, Ohio, in 1791 ; was admitted to the Ohio bar in 1806; and was elected to the Assembly in the follow'ing year. From 1808 till 1814 he was prosecuting attorney of his county, and a State Senator, and was then appointed Secretary of Michigan Ter- ritory. In 1819-20 he was Territorial Delegate to Congi'ess; was judge of the Superior Court from 1828 till 1832; was elected State Senator in 1837; was Governor of the State from 1839 till 1841 ; and was a ITnited States Senator from 1841 till 1847. Consult the Life bv Lanman (Washington, 1807). WOOD'BURN, James Albert (1850—). An American educator and historian, born at Bloomington, Ind. He graduated at the Indiana State University in 1870, and from 1878 until 1886 taught in the preparatory department of Indiana University. He was a' fellow in .Johns Hopkins JTniversity in 1889-90; and in 1890 be- came professor of American history and politics in Indiana University. He lectured at Chau- tauqua in 1880-01, and at Bay View, Mich., in 1892-94. He wrote The Causes of the American Kevolntion ( 1891 ), one of the •".Johns Hopkins University Studies:" "The Historical Signifi- cance of the Missouri Compromise," in American Historical Association Reports for 1893; "Party Politics in Indiana During the Civil War," in the American Historical Association Papers for 1902; The American Repuhlic and Its Govern-