Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 20.djvu/727

* WOLZOGEN. 619 WOMAN'S C. T. UNION. <1S87); (Irossmcistir dculsi.hci- Munik (1,S'.)7 et seq.) ; and for the promotion of Wagmn'-lore: Ertiiuterungen zu Wagners Nibeluiiyendrama (4th ed. 1878) ; Richard Wagners Tristan und Isolde (1880) ; Die Tragiidie in liayreulh nnd ihr Satf/rspicl (5th ed. 1881) : Die Hprackc in Wag- ners Dichtungcn {'id ed. 188!)) ; Was ist tilil? teas will Wagner* (3d ed. 1889) ; Richard Wagners lleldengcstaUcn erUiutcrt (1880); Erinncrungcn an Richard Wagner: and Wagncriana (18i)0). He also jn'oduced Modrrii llit!li (jenuan versions of Der arme Hcinricli liy llarlinaim von Ane ( 1872), of Bcoirulf (1873), and of the Edda (1877), and translations of the tragedies of ^'Kschylus. WOLZOGEN, Karoline von (17631847). A German poet and novelist, born (von Scngefeld) at Kudolstadt, a sister of Sehiller's wife, Char- lotte. Married in 1784 to Councilor von Benlwitz and separated from him in 1794, she contracted in 1796 a second union with Baron Wilhelm von Wolzogen, a Court official at Weimar and a schoolmate and friend of Schiller's. After 182.'> she settled at .Jena. Her first novel, Agnes von. Lilicn (1798), published anonymously, was by some attributed to Cioethe. At Jena she wrote Er~iihlniigcii (182(1-27) and the novel Cordelia, (1840), but her most important work is fichilU'rs Lehcn, verfasst mis den Erinnerungen der Eami- lie, seinen, eigenen Rriefen nud den Nnchriehten seines Freundes Kiirner (1830; 5th ed. 1870), a faithfiil portrayal of the poet, based upon per- sonal oliservation. "WOMAN HATER, The. (1) A burlesque, the earliest known play of Beaumont and Fletcher, printed anonymously in 1007. (2) A novel by Charles Reade (1877) on the unsanitary con- ditions of English villages. ■WOMAN IN -WHITE, The. A novel by Wilkie Collins (IStiO). The plot deals with the complications arising from the resemblance be- tween the heroine and a wandering mad woman, clad in white, whom the villainous Count Foseo confines and finally murders, after having used her as a tool to destroy the prosperity and happi- ness of the lovers of the story. Count Fosco is finally killed by another member of an Italian secret society to which he has been unfaithful. WOMAN KILLED WITH KINDNESS. A tragedy by Thomas Hey wood, produced in 1003, printed in 1007, on the story of a faithless wife, who dies broken-hearted after the generous treat- ment of her husband. WOMAN'S CHRISTIAN TEMPERANCE UNION. A well-known organization which Iiad its origin in the great temperance crusade of 1874. When the force of that remarkable up- rising had been spent, and reaction was felt, a call was issued from Chautauqua in August, signed by Jlrs. JIattie INIcClellan Brown, Mrs. Jennie Fowler Willing. Mrs. Emily Huntington Miller, and others, sumnuming a national con- vention of temperance women to be held in Cleve- land, Ohio, November 17, 1874. Sixteen States were represented at the convention. Now there are State and Territorial oiganizations in every State and Territory in the United States. (See WoRT.n's Woman's Christian Temperance Union.) The conditions of membership in the W. C. T. tJ. are signing the total abstinence pledge, and paying annually into the treasury of the local union a sum of not less than fifty cents. Vol, XX,— iu. Part of the money is retained fur local work, and a part is used for auxiliary fees to State, national, and world's unions, Tlu' total paid membership in the United States in 1902 was 100,730, New York State has the largest paid membership, nuhdiering about 25,000, and Penn- sylvania stan<ls sc'cond. The badge of the society is a bow of vvliite ribbon. The motto is "For Clod and Home and Native Land." Trysting hour is at noon, when whitc-ribboners all over the world lift their hearts in praj'er that Cod will bless the temperance cause. Mrs, Annie Wittenmeyer was the first president of the national society. Miss Frances R, Willard (q.v.) .succeeded her in 1879. She held the position until her death in 1898. To Miss Willard's leadersliip and broad conception of the work the Woman's (yhristian Temperance Union is indebted for its 'Do Every- thing' policy. The Woman's Christian Temper- ance Union is the largest society of women in the world, managed and controlled by them. Its work is carried on by means of departments, un- der six general heads: Organization, preventive, educational, evangelistic, legal, and social. In addition to the departments there are two branches, the Young Woman's Branch and the Loyal Temperance Legion Branch. Following is a list of the departments, under their proper groupings: (1) Org.a.nizatioN: Organizers, Lecturers and Evangelists; Y'oung Voman's Branch ; Loyal Temperance Legion Branch; Work Among Foreign Speaking People; Work Among the Colored; Work Among the Indians, (2) Preventive: Health and Heredity ; Non-alcoholic Medication, (3) Educational: Scientific Temperance Instruction; Physical Edu- cation; Temperance Literature; Presenting Our Cause to Influential Bodies; Temperance and Labor ; Parliamentary L^sage ; W, C, T. U. In- stitutes ; the Press ; Anti-Narcotics ; School Sav- ings Banks; Kindergarten; Medal Contests. (4) Evangeli.stic: Evangelistic and Almshouse; Un- fermented Wine at Sacrament ; Proportionate and Systematic Ciiving; Penal and Reformatory, including Police Station Work; Work Among Railroad Emiiloyees; Work Among Soldiers and Sailors; Work -Vmong Lumbermen ; Work Among Miners ; Sabbath Observance ; Mercy ; Purity ; Rescue Work ; Purity in Literature and Art. (5) SociAi.: Social' Meetings and Red Letter Days; Flower Mission; Fairs and Open Air Meet- ings. (6) Legal: Legislation; Christian Citi- zenship: Franchise; Peace and International Arbitration. In pursuance of the 'Do Everything' policy, the Woman's Christian Temperance L'nion has come to stand not only for total abstinence, but for an equal standard of purity for men and women, or, as Miss 'illard put it, for "a white life for two," and for woman's equality in the home, the Church, and the State, Under the leadership of Mrs, ilary H, Hunt, of Boston, every State in the Union has enacted legislation pro- viding for the teaching of physiology- and hygiene in the public schools, with especial reference to the etfects of alcoholics and narcotics. Similar legislation has been passed by Congress provid- ing for such instruction in the Territories, in all schools under national control, and in all naval and military academies. Laws raising the age of consent liave been pas.sed in twenty-seven States as the result of the work of the AVoman's Christian Temperance Union. The representa-