Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 20.djvu/72

VENDOME duced here as early as the fifth century. The Dukedom of Vendôme was created by Francis I. for a prince of the Bourbon family in 1515. It finally fell into the hands of Henry IV. He bestowed it on one of his natural sons, who founded the House of Vendôme.

VENDÔME. A noble house of France, founded by César, a son of Henry IV. of France by Gabrielle d'Estreés, who was legitimatized. César, born in 1594, received the Duchy of Vendôme in 1398, and under Louis XIII. played a conspicuous part in politics as one of the most inveterate intriguers against Richelieu, suffering, in return, imprisonment and exile. After joining the party of the Fronde against Mazarin, he made his peace with the Court and fought against his former friends. He became Admiral of France, and in 1655. the year of his death, defeated the Spanish fleet before Barcelona. His son Louis (1612—69) became Viceroy of Catalonia, married Laure Mancini. one of the nieces of Mazarin, and after her death, in 1656, entered the Church and rose to be cardinal. Louis left two sons, (q. v.) and Philippe (1655—1727). The latter entered the Order of the Knights of Malta, and became grand prior. In the wars of Louis XIV, he attained the rank of lieutenant general. With him the line of Vendôme became extinct.

VENDÔME, Place. A square in Paris, laid out under Louis XIV. It has successively borne the names Place des Conquetes, Place des Piques, and Place Vendôme (from a former palace ot the Duke de Vendome). In it stands the Vendôme Column, which was built at the command of Napoleon, in 1806—10, to commemorate his victories over the Russian and Austrian forces in ISOo. It Is of masonry, incrusted with bronze plates, the latter having been obtained by melting down 1200 cannon captured from the enemy. These plates, arranged in a spiral nearly 300 yards in length picture scenes of that memorable campaign.' The column is 13 feet in diameter and 142 feet high, and was designed by the architects Denon, Gondouin, and Lepère, after Trajan's Column at Rome. In May, 1871, the column was thrown down by the Communists. The fragments, however, were preserved, and in 1875 it was reerected, with but slight alteration, upon its original site.

VENDÔME, Louis Joseph, Duke de (1654—1712). A French general, the son of Louis, Duke de Vendôme. He was born in Paris, July 1, 1654 served during the Dutch campaign of 1672, and afterward under Turenne in Germany and Alsace, and under Créqui in Flanders. After the Peace of Nimeguen (1678) he retired to his château of Anet. near Dreux, until the outbreak of war in 1688. He fought under Luxembourg in the Low Countries, and later commanded the left wing of Catinat's army at the battle of Marsaglia (October 4, 1693). In 1695 he was assigned to the head of the army in Catalonia, and achieved a series of brilliant successes, closing with the capture of Barcelona. After the outbreak of the War of the Spanish Succession he succeeded Villeroy in Italy (1702), won the victories of Ustiano and San Vittoria, and compelled the temporarv retirement of Prince Eugene. In 1703 he curried on a successful campaign against the Austrians, and in the summer of 1706 he was recalled to supersede Villeroy in the Low Countries. His quarrels with the Duke of Burgundy, who had received a command under him, led to the defeat of the French at (q.v.). After the capitulation of Lille he was recalled. In 1710 Vendome was sent, at the urgent request of Philip V., to Spain, where the British and Austrians were carrying all before them. His appearance brought together a numerous army of volunteers, and Philip was restored to his capital before the close of the year. Stanhope and the British troops were defeated at Brihuega, December 9tli, and on the following day Starhemberg and the Austrians were routed at Villaviciosa. The King raised his deliverer to the rank of a prince of the blood roval. Vendôme was a great warrior and a man of keen intellect, but indolent and grossly immoral. He died at Vinaroz, Catalonia, June 15, 1712. Saint-Simon, in his Mémoires, gives a highly colored and unfriendly picture of the man. Consult also De Bellerive, Les dernicres campagnes de Louis Joseph de Vendôme (Paris, 1714); Voltaire, Le siecle de Louis XIV.

VENDOR'S LIEN. In the law of real property, an iniplieJ lien of a vendor of land for the unpaid purchase price, or any balance thereof. It is of equitable origin, and is available against subsequent purchasers and incumljrances with notice. The most effective way of giving notice to the public is to begin an action in equity to enforce the lien, and at the same time file a Us pendens against the property. It does not actually become a specific lien against the property until its existence and validity is established by the decree of a court. This lien may be waived by taking security on which a third person is liable, but not by" merely taking a note or other obligation of the vendee alone. In code, States the common method of enforcing a vendor's claim for unpaid purchase money is by a single action in equity to enforce the lien and incidentally to recover "the amount due. In the law, of sales of personal property the term is employed to denote the right of a seller of goods and chattels to retain possession thereof until the purchase price is paid, where no credit is given. See STOPPAGE IN Tr.>'situ; Lien; Sale.

VENEER (from Ger. furniren, fovrniren, to inlay, veneer, furnish, from OF. fornir, Fr. fournir, to furnish, from OHG. fnimjan, to provide, from friima, utility). A la.ver of wood, cut very thin, for the purpose of being glued on to the" surface of a commoner kind. Only choice kinds of hard woods are sawn into veneers, and they are usually attached to deal or jiinc, so as to give all the appearance of solidity. In this way the more costly kinds of furniture woods are economically used by the cabinet maker, for with the improvements which have been effected in the process of sawing veneers as thin as paper have been produceil,

VENER, va'ner. or WENER,. The largest lake in (he Scandinavian Peninsula, and, next to Lakes Ladoga and Onega in Russia, the largest lake in Kuropc. It lies in the southwestern', part of Sweden, lis northern extremity lieing nearly in the latitude of Stockholm, while its southwestern extremity comes within IS miles of an arm of the Cattegat (Map: Sweden, K 7). It is of oval shape, but contracted near the middle