Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 20.djvu/715

* WOHLER. 609 WOLCOTT. likewise olisorved liy Wiililcr (see Chemistry; Caubon t'oMi'OLNDS), anil im less a conlribnticiii was formed liy Hie elus.sieal researcli on the benzoyl cDniiioiinds, carried out by Wiihler in conjuiiflion with l^iobif;'. (See Ciikmisthy, liis- torical section.) IIany oilier results of impor- tance were achieved by W'iililer in all branches of chemistry. He isolated the elements aluminum, glueiniim. yttrium, inil titanium, and founded the nickel industry bj' devising a process of manufacliiriiipt the pure metal on a large scale. As a teacher, too, he was brilliant and many- sided, liis (Innidriss der. Chcniie and Die Min- eralaiKilt/HC in Beispielen passed through numer- ous editions and were translated into several languages. He also edited in Oerman Berzelius's voluminous Lehrbuch tier Chemie and Jnhrcs- bericlite. Hofmann published an excellent biog- raphy of Wdhlcr in the lirrichtc dcr dciilschen chemischcH (Icsellschaft (1882), and edited Aus Justus Liehiys und I'Viedrich Wiihlers lirief- wechsrl (1888). Wrdiler published the results of his investigations in Liebig's Amuilen der Chemie und Phnrnuicie. of which he became co- editor in IS.'iS. In 1800 a monument was erected to his memory at Giittingen. WOHLGEMUTH or WOLGEMUT, vol'gc- moot, iliciiKL (14.34-1510). A German painter and engraver, the chief master of the older Franconian school. Born at Nuremberg, he was a pupil of Hans Pleydcnwuril", but may also have studied in Flanders or at least formed his style after Flemish models. At Nuremberg, where he first appears on record in 1473, he established a studio which was frequented by Albrecht Diirer, among others, and exercised a far-reacliing influence. From it issued a large number of carved altar-pieces with jiainted wings, executed for the greater part rather me- chanically with the aid of journeymen. The most prominent among these include four jianels with "Episodes from the Life of Christ" ( 14G5, Pinakothek, llunich), an altar-piece with "Scenes from the Youth and Passion of Christ" (1470, Saint Mary's, Zwickau), and the Per- ingsdijrffer altar with "Scenes from the Legend ■of Saint Vitus, and Saints" (c.l490, Germanic Museum, Nuremberg). As compared with the Flemish masters of his day, Wohlgemuth, even in his better pictures, done exclusively by him- self, appears inferior to them as regards senti- ment and delicacy of execution, aside from the prevalence of angular forms and the monotony ■of types, which occasionally are of exaggerated homeliness. He also painted portraits and de- signed for the wood-cut. notably the spirited illustrations for Sehedel's Weltehronik (1403). All his paintings are reproduced in the publica- tion Die Germlilde von Diirer vnd Wolthiemuth, 117 plates with text by Riehl and Thode (Nu- remlicrg. 1880-05). Co"nsult Thode, Die Maler- schnlr ion yUmherg (Frankfort, 1891). WO'KING. A market town in Surrey. Eng- lanil. 24V2 miles southwest of London (Map: London. H 2). Its chief importance is derived from the proximity of the London Necropolis Cemetery, which covers 2000 acres and to which special funeral trains are dispatched from Lon- don daily. It contains a crematory, erected in 1878. the first one established in England. Popu- lation, in 1801, 9770: in 1001, 16,222. WOLCOT, unl'k«t, .loii.N (1738-1810). . English poet, belter known under the jiseudonym of I'ICTKU PiNDAK. He Was born at Dodbrouk, in Devon. He was educated by an uncle, at Kingsbridge and in France, and subseciuently studied medicine in London and in Al)erdecn. In 17G7 he went to Jamaica with Sir William Tre- lawny, the newly appointed Governor. After serv- ing two years as [jhysician-general. he went to England, and was ordained pric^st in the English Chiircli. He immediately rclurncd to -lamaica, where he received a small living. On the death of his patron (1773), he left the island for good. .fter practicing medicine with little success in Truro and other places, he settled in London as a writer of audacious squibs and satires on all sorts of jiersons from George 111. down to livery- men. Among his seventy distinct pieces were Lyric Odes to the lloyal Aeademicians (1782- 80)) ; The Louisind: an Ueroic-comie J'orni. live cantos, in ridicule of the King's domestic life (1785-05) ; Ode upon Ode, a Comic Acconnt of a Visit of the ^overeifin to AVhilhread's llren:ery (1787) ; lioz^y and Piozzi, on Boswell and Mrs. Piozzi (1780)'; and A Poetical Epistle to a Fall- ing Minister, i.e. Pitt (1780). These and other verses achieved wide popularity. From their sale the author received an annuity of £250: and the Government attempted to buy him oil' with a pension of £300. Wolcot was severely handled bv William Gilford (q.v.) in his Epistle to Peter Pindar (1800). Unscrupulous, impudent, and coarse, Wolcot was yet a master of burlesque humor and caricature". During his lifetime Wol- cot's satires were issued in cheap quarto pam- phlets. About twenty editions of the collected works appeared between 1788 and 1837. That of 1812 contains a memoir and portrait. For the latest and best account, consult Theodor Reit- terer, I,el)en und Werke Peter Pindars (Vienna and Leipzig. 1000). WOLCOTT, Edward Oliver (1848-100.")). An American lawyer and politician, born at Loni; Meadow, Hampden County, Mass. Toward the close of the Civil War he served for a short time in the I50th Ohio Voluntcjn's. He then studied for a time at Yale, graduated at the Harvard Law School in 1871, and settled in Colorado, where he taught school, and later began the prac- tice of law at Georgetown. In 1870 he was elect- ed district attorney for the first judicial district of Colorado, and in 1878 was elected to the State Senate, in which he at once became the Repub- lican leader. In 1870 he liccame attorney for the Denver and Rio Grande Railroad, and in 1884 was appointed general counsel for the road. From 1880 until 1001 he was a member of the United States Senate. He was an ardent champion of bimetallism, but supported the Republican can- didates in the 'free-silver campaign' of 1806, and in 1807 was named by President McKinley as chairman of the commission sent to Europe to report on international bimetalism. In 1900 he was president of the Republican National Con- vention at Philadelphia, and in 1903 was an un- successful candidate for the United States Senate against Senator Henry M. Teller. WOLCOTT, Oliver (1720-97). An American soldier, and a signer of the Declaration of Inde- pendence; the son of Roger Wolcott (q.v.). He was born in Windsor, Conn., graduated at Yale in 1747: and in King George's War (q.v.) com-