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* WODROW. 608 WOHLER. 1701). In 1703 he took charge of a pastorate at Eastwood, near Glasgow, where lie remained till his death. Soon after his settlement there he began writing The History of the i<iifferings of the Church of Scotland from the Restoration to the Rerohition, published in 1721-22. Wod- row contemplated other works, chiefly of a biographical character, illustrative of the ecclesiastical history of Scotland. None of these were published till the following century, when three volumes of his collections on The Lives of the ficottish Reformers and Most Einineiit Ministers (1834-45), and four volumes en- titled Analecta, or a History of Rcinurkahlc Providences (1842-43) were printed by the ilait- land Club. Tliree volumes of his correspondence were published by the Wodrow Society, a literary olub instituted in 1841. This* correspondence, covering the period 1709-31, throws much light on the ecclesiastical history of the time. WOERMANN, ver'nian, Karl (1844—). A German art-historian and poet. l)orn in Hambiirg, where for a short time he practiced law. after having studied jtirisprudence at Heidelberg, Berlin, Kiel, and Gottingen. He then traveled in France, England, and North America, took up the study of art-history at Heidelberg and Mtmich, and qitalified as jirivat-doccnt at the former place in 1871. After visiting Italy, Greece, and Asia Minor, he was called to the academy at Diisseldorf in 1874 as professor of the history of art and literature, and in 1882 became director of the picture gallery at Dres- den, intrusted luitil 189.5 also with the super- vision of the cabinet of engravings. His works include: Die Landsehaft in der Kunst der alten Valker (187fi) ; Die antilcen. Odysseelandschaften. vom Escjuilinischen Hiigel in Rom (1877); Kunst- vnd yaturslcizzen aus Xord- iind Siid- europa (1880); Was uns die Kunstcieschichte lehrt (4th ed. 1894). To the Gcschiehte der Malerei, begun by Woltmann. he contributed the part on antique painting, and after Woltmann's death completed the entire work. His most re- cent publication is a Gcschiehte der Kunst aVer Zeiten vnd Viilker (1900 et seq.). As n poet he made himself known by Geharnischte Sonette aus Xorddeiitschlund (18(ifi), Aus der alur und dem Geiste (1870), Anathema sit, sonnets (1871), yea pel. Ele;iien vnd Odcn (1877), Neue Gedichte (1884), Zu Zireien im Siiden (1893). and Deutsche Herzen (1896). WOF'FINGTON, Margaret (Peg) (c.1714- 60). A celebrated Irish actress, born of poor parents in Dublin, where it was long reuiembered how as a child she sold salad on College Green, and charmed purchasers by her bright and vi- vacious ways. When about ten years old. she appeareil in a 'lillipntinn" production of The. Befifiar's Opera, and thereafter for several years played various parts at one of the newer Dublin theatres, often dancing between the acts. In 1737 she took the rrde of Ophelia at the Smock Alley Theatre, and this was the beginning of her great success. Her London rlf'but she made in 1740 at Covent Garden, as Silvia in The Recruit- iny Ofjiner. She was an immediate fav(uite, and when a few weeks later she repeated her Sir Harry Wildair (in The Constant Couple), which had already excited the enthusiasm of Dublin, she showed her versatile powers in a iiart with which no man of her time succeeded so well. During her career at Drury Lane and Covent Garden, she played most of the heroines who then ruled the stage, in both comedy and tragedy ; in the former, perhaps, with the greater charm and distinction. Some of her best characters were the fine ladies, like Lady Betty Modish and Lady Townley. Rules, too, in wOiich the heroine ap- pears in masculine disguise afforded .some of her special triumphs. Her last appearance was as Rosalind in -Is You Like It. in 17.57. Tate Wilkinson describes how, though ill, she persisted in going on with the play, till in the epilogue she suddenly broke down with a cry of horror and was led from the stage. Tliree years later, in Westminster, she died. She was one of the most beautiful of actresses, and what a hostile critic called her 'impudence' was to most people an additional eliarni. Her voice alone was said to be less agreeable. Countless stories are told both of her frailty and of her goodness of heart. Garrick, with whom she lived for a time, was only one of her lovers ; but she ended her days in respectable retirement, leaving much of her prop- erty in charity. Much of her charming and gen- erous [lersonality is revealed in Charles Reade's novel of Pey Woffinyton and the play Masks and Faces. Consult: Daly, Woffinyton. a Tribute to the .Ictress and the Woman (Philadelphia, 1888) ; Molloy, The Life and Adventures of Peg Woffinyton, u-ith Pictures of the Period in which She Lived (London, 1884). WOF'FORD COLLEGE. An institution of higher learning at Spartanburg, S. C, founded in' 1853 by a legacy of )f 100,000 from the Rev. Benjamin Wofford. The instittition is under the control of the Methodist Church. South. It offers an academic course leading to the bachelor's degree, and maintains a preparatory school on the college campus. The courses of instruction are arranged in four groups, within which con- siderable freedom of election is permitted after the sophomore year. The campus of 70 acres contains 19 buildings, together valued at $204,- 000. In 1903 the students numbered 295 and the faculty 11. The library contained 10.000 vol- umes. The endowment was .$75,000, with an in- come of .*1 7.900. E.xtension work is carried on through lectures. WOHLER, veler, Frieduich (1800-82). A German chemist, born near Frankfort-on-the- ^lain. He was educated at the Gymnasium at Frankfort, then studied medicine and chemistry at the universities of !Marluirg and llcidcllierg, and subsequently worked under the direction of Berzelius at Stockholm. In 1825 he returned to Berlin and was invited to teach chemislry at the newly established industrial school of that city. In 1831 he received a similar appointment at Cassel. In 1836 he was made professor of chemistry in the medical department of the Uni- versity of Gilttingcn and inspector-general of the pharmacies of H:inovcr. He died at Gcittin- gen. Wiililcr is justly considered as one of the founders of organic chemistry, his name being connected with the moat important discoveries in the early history of the science. In 1828 he effected the synthesis of urea — the first organic compound produced by artificial laboratory means, withiuit the agency of life. The first cases of isomerism (i.e. the existence of different compounds having the same composition) were