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WISCONSIN.  was $1,500,000. Of the buildings of the university, the more noteworthy are University Hall, Science Hall, the Engineering Building, the Law Building, the Washburn Observatory, the Chemical Building (in construction), the Central Building of the College of Agriculture, and the State Historical Library. The latter building was completed at a cost of $650,000, and is one of the finest and best appointed library buildings in the United States. It contains the library of the State Historical Society, 250,000 volumes; the library of the university, 85,000 volumes; the library of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters, 5000 volumes; and many thousands of unbound documents and pamphlets. The income of the university for the year 1903-04 was $650,000. Tuition is free to all students from the State of Wisconsin, except in the College of Law.  WISCONSIN RIVER. The principal river in the State of Wisconsin. It rises in Lake Vieux Desert, and flows first southward as far as Portage, then southwest, emptying into the Mississippi near Prairie du Chien after a course of about 600 miles (Map:, D 3). Its upper and middle courses are very picturesque. It flows at first through immense pine forests, in which it receives the water of a large number of small lakes. Farther down it is broken by several falls and rapids, the most noted of which are the Dalles of the Wisconsin. The river is navigable 200 miles to Portage, where a short canal connects it with the Fox River.  WISDOM,. See .  WISE, (1813-98). A Methodist Episcopal clerical author. He was born in Portsmouth, England, came to America in 1833, and entered the New England Conference (1840). He was editor of Zion's Herald (1852-56), and corresponding secretary of the Sunday-School Union and Tract Society of his Church (1856-72). The rest of his life was spent in literary work. Part of his duty as secretary was to edit all the publications of the society. His published works include more than forty titles. The best known are: The Path of Life (1847); The Saintly and Successful Worker (1879); Heroic Methodists of the Olden Time (1882); Our Missionary Heroes and Heroines (1884); Young Knights of the Cross (1887); and Faith, Hope, Love, and Duty (1891).  WISE, (1806-76). An American political leader, born at Drummondtown, Accomac County, Va., December 3, 1806. He graduated at Washington College, Pa., in 1825, was admitted to the bar in 1828, and settled in Nashville, Tenn., the same year, but returned to Accomac County in 1830. He was elected to Congress in 1832 as a Jacksonian Democrat and was twice reëlected. On the question of the rechartering of the United States Bank he broke with the Jackson Administration, and became a Whig, but was sustained by his constituents. After his first election in 1832 he fought a duel with his competitor for the seat in Congress. Wise was active in securing the nomination of John Tyler as Vice-President in 1840. He declined the appointment as Secretary of the Navy under Tyler, but from 1844 to 1847

was Minister to Brazil. After his return he identified himself with the Democratic Party, and in 1855, after a remarkable campaign, he was elected Governor of Virginia over the Know-Nothing candidate. During his administration the John Brown raid occurred, and one of the last acts of his term was the signing of Brown's death warrant. Wise was a member of the Virginia secession convention of 1861, and opposed immediate secession. Upon the withdrawal of the State from the Union, however, he joined the Confederate Army as brigadier-general and afterwards was promoted to the rank of major-general. He took part in the campaigns of western Virginia, commanded at Roanoke Island, and was present at Appomattox. After the war he resumed his law practice, and wrote an historical work entitled Seven Decades of the Union (1872). He died September 12, 1876. Consult his Life, (New York, 1899), written by his grandson, B. H. Wise.  WISE, (1819-69). An American naval officer and author, born in Brooklyn, N. Y. He entered the navy in 1834. During the Mexican War he was lieutenant on board the razee Independence, and took part in the operations in the Gulf of California. In the Civil War he served for a time on board the Niagara off Charleston, was promoted to the rank of commander in 1862, and served during the remainder of the war as assistant chief of the Bureau of Ordnance and Hydrography. He was promoted to be captain in 1866, and while on leave of absence died at Naples. Under the pseudonym of Harry Gringo he wrote: Los Gringos, or an Interior View of Mexico and California, with Wanderings in Peru, Chili, and Polynesia (1849); Tales for the Marines (1855); Scampavias, from Gibel-Tarek to Stamboul (1857); The Story of the Gray African Parrot (1859); and Captain Brand of the Centipede (1860-64).  WISE, (1819-1900). An American rabbi and educator, born at Steingrub, Bohemia. He graduated at the University of Vienna in 1843 and became a rabbi at Padnitz. So advanced were his opinions in both religion and politics that he decided to seek a land of greater liberalism, and went to the United States in 1846. His first charge was at Albany, N. Y., and from 1854 until his death he was rabbi of the Congregation Bene Yeshurun, Cincinnati. Here he became a recognized leader of progressive Judaism. In 1854 he established The Israelite (subsequently The American Israelite) and afterwards Die Deborah (published in German) and the Chicago Israelite. He remained the editor of these publications, and was president of the Hebrew Union College, which he founded at Cincinnati in 1875, up to the time of his death. In 1889 he organized the Central Conference of American Rabbis and became its president. His works include: History of the Israelitish Nation (1854), severely criticised by both Jews and Christians and said to be the first rationalistic account of Judaism in English; Origin of Christianity (1870); Judaism: Its Doctrines and Duties (1872); The Martyrdom of Jesus of Nazareth (1874); The Cosmic God (1876); Judaism and Christianity (1883).  WISE, (c.1652-1725). A New England clergyman and author, born in Roxbury, Mass.<section end="Wise, John" />