Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 20.djvu/658

* WINDSOR. 562 WINE. A'in(lsor University or King's College, chartered in 17SS by George III. The port's shijjping ranks second on the Dominion register, and there is a large export trade in gypsum and limestone from neighboring quarries. Population, in 1901, 3,- 398. WINDSOR. A to^Yn in Essex County, On- tario. Canada, opposite Detroit, Mich. (Map: Ontario, A 5). It has powerful railway ferry- boats connecting with Detroit, electric lights and street railroads, important beds of rock salt, a large fruit industry, and thriving manufactures. Population, in 1901, 12,153. WINDSOR. A town in Hartford County, Conn., 6 miles north of tlic city of Hartford, on the Connecticut and Farmington rivers, and on the New York, New Haven and Hartford Rail- road (Map: Connecticut. E 2). Manufacturing is the leading line of industry, the most impor- tant products being paper, knit goods, and elec- tric motors. Tobacco culture is extensively car- ried on in the vicinity. There is a public library. Population, in 1890, 29.-54; in 1900, 3614. In 1033 William Holmes and a few associates from Plym- outh built here a fortified trading post, and two years later permanent settlers, headed by Roger Ludlow, came from Dorchester, Mass., the set- tlement being called Dorchester until 1637, when the present name was adopted. In 1039 Viud.sor united with Hartford and Wethersfield, under the "Fundamcntall Orders," to form the colony of Connecticut. Consult Stiles, History of Ancient Windsor (New York. 1S.59). WINDSOR CASTLE. The chief residence of the British sovereigns, at Windsor ( q.v. ), on the Thames, 21 miles by rail west by south of Lon- don. The buildings, which crown a plateau west of the town, cover 12 acres of ground in the midst of the Little or Home Park, which is about four miles in eircumfercnee. A tree-lined avenue con- nects with the Great Park, which has a circuit of 18 miles, and west of this is Windsor Forest, occupying an area 50 miles in circumference. The castle may be grouped in three portions: The Middle Ward, conspicuous by the dominating Round Tower or Keep, 80 feet high, built on an eminence 42 feet high ; the Lower Ward on the west, containing Saint George's Chapel, the Al- bert Chapel, the houses of the military knights, cloisters, etc.; and the Upper Ward on the east, containing the royal private apartments. The Round Tower, which was built l)y Edward III. to receive the round table of the knights of the newly founded Order of the Garter, was used as a Jirison until 1600,, lames I. of Scotland being one of its most notable inmates. Saint George's Chapel, begun in 1474 l)y Edward IV. and com- pleted by Henry VTIL, is a fine specimen of flam- boyant Gothic architecture. In the vault below the chapel, Henry VI., Edward IV. and his Queen, Henry VIII. and .lane Seymour, Charles I., George III. and his Queen. George IV., the Princess Charlotte, the Duke of Kent, the Duke of York, William IV. and his Queen, and other members of the royal family are buried. Adjoin- ing ."Saint George's Chapel is the .Mbcrt Chapel, built by Henry VII., and lavishly restored by Queen Victoria as a memorial to the Prince Con- sort, .Albert. The state apartments in the Upper Ward, including the celebrated Saint George's Hall, 200 feet long by 34 feet wide, the Waterloo Chamber or Grand Dining Room, 98 feet long by 47 feet wide, the Throne Room, and the old Ball Room, now the V'andyck Room, contain valuable collections of paintings, statuary, and other priceless objects of art. Frogmore (q.v.), the mausoleum of (Jueen Victoria and her hus- band, is in the park half a mile from the castle. Windsor was a residence of the .Saxon kings before the Conquest, their palace being at Old Windsor, two miles, distant. William the Con- queror chose the present site and built a castle which was extended by Henry I. and Henry 11., but under the orders of Edward III. was taken down and a new one rebuilt by William of Wyke- hani, Bishop of Winchester. This castle was e.tended by successive monarehs, and under George IV. it was completely renovated at a cost of about $4,500,000. Consult": Di.xon. Royal Wind- sor (London, 1879-80) ; Loftie, Windsor: The Castle, Park, Tow-n, and Sciqhhorhood (ib., 1886). WINDTHORST, vint'horst, Ludwig (1812- 91). A Prussian party leader. He was born at Kaldenhof, in Westphalia, studied jurisprudence at Gilttingen and Heidelberg, became an advo- cate, and in 1849 was chosen a member of the Lower Chamber of Hanover. In this body he assumed the leadership of the part.v opposed to Prussian domination. He was made president of the Lower House, and from 1851 to 1853, and again from 1802 to 1865. was Minister of .Tustice. He was ultramontane in his views. When the collision between Austria and Prussia became imminent his influence was a considerable factor in bringing about the al- liance of Hanover and Austria. After the North German Confederation had been formed and Han- ovar had been incorporated with Prussia Windt- horst first led the Hanoverians in opposition, and when the Kulturkampf broke out he became the chief of the Catholic Centre party, whose policy he guided with great skill and persistence. While never completely reconciled to the Imperial Gov- ernment, he succeeded, by su])porting its eco- nomic policy, in gaining in return many a victory for his party and the Ultramontane cause gen- erally. Consult Menzenbach, Ludicig Windt- horst in seinem Leben nnd Wirkcn. insbesondere in seiner ijolitischcn Thatigkeit (Treves, 1892). WIND VANE. An instrument for showing the direction of the wind, frequently also called anemoscope (q.v.). WINDWARD ISLANDS. The southern part of tile main chain of the Lcs.ser Antilles, in the West Indies, the northern members of the chain being known as the Leeward Islands. The Wind- w-ard Islands lie to the south of the parallel of 15° N. Saint Lueia, Saint Vincent, the Grena- dines, and Grenada constitute the Britisli colony of the Windward Islands. The Governor re- sides at Saint George. (Jrcnada. (See arti- cles on the separate islands.) The name Wind- ward Islands was formerly applied to the whole of the main chain of the Lesser .Antilles, the chain of islands extending east and west along the coast of South America having been known aa the Leeward Islands. WINE. Specifically, fermented gniiie juice; by extension, fermented juice of other fruits or plants, the name of the fruit always preceding the term, e.g. currant wine, rhubarb wine, elder-