Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 20.djvu/587

* WICHITA. 497 WICLIF. village on the north fork of Red River, in the Wicliita .Mountains, where they were visited by a Government e.xpedition in 1834, resulting in a treaty of friendship the next year, soon after wliieh tlicy removed to the site of tlii! present Fort Sill. In IS.")!) they were assigned to their present reservation, Imt on the outbreak of the Civil War were compelled to take refuge in Kansas, camping about the present site of Wichita on the Arkansas, where they remained until 181)7. They are now allotted citizens, and, being self-supporting and industrious, would be in fairly prosperous condition but for llie dissi- pation brought among tlipm by the ojjening of the country to white settleinent. From an esti- mated total of over .'1000 in 1804 the confederated bands have decreased to 692 in 1872 and about 360 in 1901. WICHITA. The county-seat of Sedgwick County, Kan., 228 miles soutliwest of Kansas City, on the Arkansas River, and on the Atchi- son", Topeka and Santa Fe, the ilissouri Pacitic, the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacitic, the Saint Louis and San Francisco, the Wichita and West- ern, the Wichita and Colorado, and other rail- roads (Map: Kansas, E 4). It is well laid out and has attractive residences, imposing business blocks, and fine public buildings. The city is the seat of Fairmount College (Congregational), opened, in 1892; Albertus Magnus University (Roman Catholic), opened in 1900; the Friends' University; Kansas College of Osteopathy; Lewis Academy"; and All Hallows Academy. The Public Library has 7000 volumes. Other prominent in- stitutions include the Martha Washington Home, Orphans' Home, Children's Home, and the Wichita and Saint Francis hospitals. The United States Government building, county court-house, city hall, high school building, and the Scottish Rite Masonic Cathedral are noteworthy. River- side Park, the most prominent of the public parks, contains 146 acres. Wichita is favored with excellent transportation facilities, and has considerable commercial and industrial impor- tance. The region is very fertile, and is known for its large farming, dairying, and stock-raising interests. There are extensive packing estab- lishments and stock yards, flouring mills, foun- dries and machine shops, stove works, grain ele- vators, implement manufactories, car shops, etc. A large wholesale and jobbing trade is carried on here. Under the charter of 1880, the govern- ment is vested in a mayor, chosen biennially, and a unicameral council. The majority of the subordinate officials are appointed by the mayor, subject to the confirmation of the council. The board of education, however, is elected by popu- lar vote. Wichita was settled in 1870, and was incorporated the following year. Population, in 1890, 23,853; in 1900. 24,671. WICHITA MOUNTAINS. A group of mountains in tlic southern part of Oklahoma between the Washita and Red rivers (Map: Okla- homa, E 4). They form a western outher of an interrupted system of ancient, denuded rock masses extending across Indian Territory into southern Arkansas, and rise abruptly from the surrounding plain to a height of nearly 1000 feet above it. The group consists of a nimiber of isolated conical granite peaks surrounded by outcrops of folded Paleozoic strata. WICK. seaport, capital of Caithness, Scot- land, at the nioutli of Wick Water, and at the head of Wick Bay, LSVi mih's south of .John o' Groat's House (Map: Scotland, El). Wick is the lieadciuarters of the licrring fishery and its kindred industries in Scotland. There are two harbors :ind an extensive breakwater. Popula- tion (I'arlia iitary borough), in 1901, 7881. WICKED BIBLE. See Biule, Curiou.s Edi- tions OF. WICK'FIELD, Agnes. The patient daughter of Miss Betsy Trotwood's solicitor, in Diekens'.s David Copper jieUl. She marries David after the death of his cliildwife, Dora. Her father is a well-meaning but not very strong-minded man, whose unfortunate taste for drink Uriah Keep cultivates in order to ruin him. WICK'LOW. A maritime county of the Prov- ince of Leinstcr, Ireland, bounded by the Irish Sea and the provinces of Wexford, Carlow, Kil- dare, and Duliliii (Map: Ireland, V. 4). Area, 781 square miles. The land rises abruptly from the sea, and a large part of the county is mountainous and barren. About one-half is pas- ture land, and cattle-raising is the chief occu- pation, though some oats and potatoes are raised. Population, in 1901, 60,824. County town, Wicklow. WICKRAM, vik'ram, Jorg (?-e.l5G0). A German author, born probably at Colmar, in Alsatia, where he founded in 1549 a Meistersinger school. The only other event of his life of which we have definite' record is that in 1555 he became town clerk at Burgheim in the Breisgau. The best of his dramas are Der verlorne Solin ( 1540) and Tobias (1551). He is better known, how- ever, as the first writer of prose fiction in the German Reformation period, and in his tales he expressed the new social ideas which were preva- lent. Aside from his novels, Ritter Galay aus Schottland (1539). Der Kvabenspiegel (1554), Der irrereitendc Pilger (1556), and Goldfaden (1557), he published a collection of witty tales entitled Das Rollwagen-Biichlein (1555), which contains his best-known and most interesting work. Consult Scherer, Die Anfiinge des dcutschen Pro&aromans und Jorg Wiclcram von Colmar (Strassburg. 1877). WICK'STEED, Philtp Heney (1844—). An English Unitarian clergyman and lecturer, born at Leeds. He was educated at University College, Manchester, and New College, London, and in 1874-97 had charge of the Little Portland Street Chapel, London. In 1887 he began to lecture for the University Extension movement, speak- ing principally on poetry and economics. His publications include: Dante: Six Sermons (1880); The Alphabet of Economic Science (1888); The Coordination of the Lairs of Dis- tribution: Eeiiril; Ibsen (1892) ; and translation and notes to Dante's Paradiso (Temple edition). WICKY. A North American shrub. See K.LMI.. WICLIF, John (e.I320-84). A noted English reformer, often styled the 'Morning Star of the Reformation.' He was born probably near Rich- mond, in Yorkshire. The known facts of his life are singularly few and meagre. He seems to have belonged to a well-to-do family of the lower no- bility and to have been sent as a youth to the University of O.xford. He became a fellow and