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* WHITE DEVIL. 483 WHITEFIELD. WHITE DEVIL, The, or Vittoria Corom- BONA. A tragedy by V«bster, originally per- formed probably at tlic Curtain by tlic Queen's company in llie winter of 11108, [inblislied in l(il2, and revived in l(i25 at the Pha-nix by Queen Henrietta's servants, and in 1082 at the Theatre Koyal by Betterton. Jt was probably drawn from Italian sources, but bears a striking resendilanee to Tourneur's Rcrcnficr'n Trarjedie (l(i07). In this play and The Durlirsn of Malfi (acted UilG), Webster pushes the devices of physical horror which characterize the 'tragedy of blood' to their utmost limit. WHITE EAGLE, Ohrer of tije. A Servian order with live classes commemorating the es- tablishment of the Servian kingdom, founded by King Milan I. in 1882. The deeoiation is a double-headed eagle of white enamid surmounted by a crown. The oval medallion is red and bears a white cross with llames. On the reverse are the initials JI. I. crowned and the date of foundation. Sec Plate of Orders, under Orders. WHITE ELEPHANT. An infrequent Al- bino type of Asiatic elephant wliieh from its rarity is liighly esteemed. Owing to the costly honors paid to such an animal, the term has become proverbial with the meaning of an ex])ensive or unwelcome possession. The 'Land of tile White Elephant' is Siam. WHITE ELEPHANT, Order of the. A Siamese older with live classes, founded in 1861. The decoration, which varies slightly for the dif- ferent classes, is a circular medallion with the elephant in white enamel, surrounded by three wreaths of yellow, red, and green lotus blossoms. See Plate of Orders under Orders. WHITE-EYE, or Glass-Eye. The wall-eyed pike. See Pike-Perch, and Plate of Perches. WHITE-EYE, or Silver-Eye. A general name for a large group of small, plainly dressed, titmouse-like birds of the genus Zosterops, the many species of which are scattered over the tropics of the Old World, especially in the East, where several species are confined to single isl- ands. Nearly all are yellow on the under sur- face. They are somewhat doubtfully classified with the honej'-eaters (]Melipliagida'), and take their English name from the ring of white glistening feathers around the eye in most spe- cies. All are sociable, going about in merry flocks, and they have many interesting char- acteristics. Though mainly insectivorous, they also feed ui)on fruits, and some are known to the Australians as "grape-eaters.' Consult Xew- ton. Dictionary of Birds {New York, 189G), and authorities there cited. . See Plate of Wren.S, Warblers, etc. WHITE-EYED VIKEO. See Vibeo. WHITE-EYELID MONKEY. See Manga- BEY. WHITE FALCON, Order of the. A grand- ducal Older of Weimar, founded by Duke Ernest Augustus in 1732, and renewed in 1815 by Charles Augustus. In its present form it has four classes and a. silver cross, added in 1878. The decoration, a green star of eight points, with red stars between the arms, bears a white falcon, and the motto, Vigilando Asccndimus, on a blue ground. WHITEFIELD, whit'fGld, Ceoboe (1714-70). An lOiiglish evangelist and founder of the Cal- vinistic Methodists. He was born at the Bell Inn, Gloucester, and was sent to a classical school for three years, where he distinguished himself more by his histrionic achievements than by zeal for study. In 1732 he was admitted as a servitor at Pembroke College, Oxford, and graduated B.A. in 1730. At Oxford he met the Wesleys and with them foundi^d the 'Holy Club.' He was ordained deacon in 1730, and soon went to London. In 1738 he followed the Wesleys to the Georgia Plantations and remained four months, when he returned to England for his priest's orders and to collect money for an orphanage which he had founded in the colony. He found that his association with the Wesleys had raised prejudice against him; nevertheless he was ordained priest by Bishop Benson (1739). He began open-air preaching at Jloorlields, Ken- singldii, P.laekheath, anil elsewhere, and after this seems to have jneaehed by jjreference in the open air. Great crowds came together to hear hiin. In 1730, having collected more than £1000 for his orphanage, he returned to -America. He landed at New York and proceeded thence to Georgia, preaching with great success on the way. The first brick of the orphan asylum was laid in March, 1740, and the name of Bethesda was given to the institution. He preached to large audiences in Savannah and also in Phila- delphia and Boston, which he visited in 1740. His as.sociation with dissenters and unconven- tional ways of preaching and conducting services brought iiim into strained relations with the (Tiureh, and about this time doctrinal difl'erences led to his separation from Wesley. The two men. dill'ered widely in theology, Whitefield being a rigid Calvinist. Nevertheless they continued friends nearly all their lives. In 1741 Whitefield returned to England and preached with his usual zeal and eloquence, making tours into Wales and Scotland. He presided at the first conference of Calvinistie Methodists held at Watford in 1743, and at the second conference a few months later was chosen perpetual moderator in England. In 1744 he again sailed for New York, and was again enthusiastically received in America, al- though iiis irregular ways stirred up opposition. Hoping to benefit his health, in 1748 he visited the Bermudas and preached twice each day on the various islands of the group. On his return to England in 1748 he found his congregation scattered. He was also in pecxmiary difficulties, as he had sold most of his property for the bene- fit of the Georgia orphanage. With the help of his friends, however, he gradually paid off his debts. About this time the Countess of Hunt- ingdon (q.v. ) made him her chaplain and gave him the opportunity of preaching to certain of the nobility at her house. She helped him mate- rially in all liis enterprises 'and built and en- dowed cha])els to maintain his doctrines. In 1751 Whitefield visited Ireland and Scotland and made a fourth voyage to America. On his return to London he took up the project of a new taber- nacle, which was opened June 10, 1753. After preaching in it a few times he went on another evangelistic tour, traveling 1200 miles and preaching many times. In 1754-55 he was again in America. In September. 1756, he opened a new chapel at Tottenham Court Road. He visited .America for the sixth time in 1763-65. His