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* WHITE. 480 WHITE. till 1903, when he retired. Mr. White became widely known for his able discussions of cur- reney'and banking problems, and for his writings on other financial subjects. His publications in- clude: Money and Bunking (1895; revised ed. 1902) and a translation from the Greek of Ap- pian's Eoman History (1899). WHITE, Horatio Stevens (1852—)^ An American educator, born in Syracuse, N. Y. He graduated at Harvard in 1873, studied for sev- eral years in Europe, and was admitted to the New York bar in 1878. From 1870 to 187S he was assistant professor of Greek and Latin at Cornell University, where he successively be- came assistant professor of German in 1878, pro- fessor of the German language and literature in 1883, head of the German department in 1891, and dean of the general university faculty in 1890. In 1902 he became professor of German at Harvard University. Besides writing a num- ber of magazine articles, he edited: Selections from Lessing's Prose (1888); Selections from Heine's Poems (1890) ; Selections for German Prose Composition (1891); and Deutsche Volk- lieder (1892). He was also the general editor of Appleton's "Twentieth Century Series of Ger- man Classics." WHITE, Hugh Law.son (1773-1840). An American political leader, born in Iredell County, N. C. He served against the Indians in Tennessee in 1792-93, and became private secretary to Gov- ernor Blount in the latter year, but soon went to Philadelphia to study. In 1790 he began the practice of law at Kno.xville, Tenn. In 1801 he became judge of the Superior Court of Tennessee, and was a member of the State Senate in 1807 and 1809. From 1809 to 1815 he was judge of the Su- preme Court, and from 1812 to 1827 was president of the Bank of Tennessee, which for a time was the only bank in the West which did not suspend specie payments. He was again a State Senator in 1817, and from 1821 to 1824 was a commis- sioner on the part of the United States to settle disputes growing out of the Spanish occupation of Florida. He succeeded General .Jackson in the United States Senate in 1825, and served con- tinuously until 1840, though offered the Secre- taryship of War in 1831. He soon became a leader in the Senate, opposed internal improve- ments by the Federal Government, was instru- mental in preventing the re-charter of the United States Bank, and in 1829-30 was the author of the bill to remove the Indians west of the Mis- sissippi. He was at first a strong su])porter of .Jackson, but by liis independent course in favoring the bill to limit executive patronage, and especially by his oppositinn to 'an Bmcn's succession to the I'ri'sidencv, the fricnd- sliip was broken. In October. 1835, he was nomi- nated for President by the Legislature of Ten- nessee, and in spite of President .Jackson's vigor- ous personal efforts, carried the State in 1830 by more than 10,000 majority. He also carried Georgia and received altogether 26 electoral votes. He refused to vote for the resolution to expunge the Senate resolutions of censure against President .Jackson, hut was willing to rescind. By 18.38 he declared himself a Whig. When the Democratic Legislature of Tennessee instructed him to vote for the Sub-Treasury Bill, hi' refusi'd and resigned. Judge White's stern sense of recti- tude earned for him the appellation 'The Cato of the United States.' Consult Scott, Memoir of llugli Lauson White (Philadelphia, 1856). WHITE, John Blake (1781-1859). An American painter and author, born at Eutaw Springs, S. C. He began the study of law, but in 1800 he went to London, where he studied un- der Benjamin West. In 1804 he returned to South Carolina, but not receiving sufficient en- couragement as a painter, he returned to the practice of law, achieving considerable success in both professions. His best known painting was the "Unfurling of the United States Flag in the City of Mexico," destroyed during the Civil War. Other paintings by him include the "Battle of New Orleans," "General Marion In- viting the British Officer to Dinner" (1836), besides portraits of Charles Pinckney, Calhoun, and Governor Middleton. White was repeatedly elected to the State Legislature of South Caro- lina, and is also well known as an essayist and as the author of several dramas. WHITE, John Williams (1849—). An American classical scholar, born at Cincinnati, Ohio, He was educated at Ohio Weslej'an Uni- versity and at Harvard University. After teach- ing at Willoughby College and Baldwin Univer- sity in Ohio from 1868 to 1871, he studied and traveled in Europe for a year, and then was called to Harvard University as tutor of Greek; from 1877 to 1884 he was assistant professor, and in the latter year became professor of Greek. In 1879 he was one of the prime movers in organiz- ing the Archieological Institute of America and in establishing afterwards an American School of Classical Studies at .thens, in which he was twice professor. In 1895 he became president of the Archa?ological Institute. He was author of a number of philological papers and editor of a number of Greek texts for schools. WHITE, .Joseph Blanco (1775-1841). A British poet and writer on theological themes. He was born in Seville, Spain, of Irish and Spanish parentage. In 1800 he was ordained priest in the Roman Catholic Church. But his views changed, and in 1810 he went to England. He settled in London, where for some years he conducted a monthly Spanish [laper called El Es-pai'iol. On the cessation of the Peninsular War (1814). this publication came to an end; but meanwhile its services to the Goveriiiiient se- cured for its editor a life ])ension of £250 per an- num. For some time White lived at Oxford, where he qualified for the Englisli Church, but hiially declared himself a Unitarian. Though in literary circles recognized as a man of Tiiic talent, and known as a contributor to the Qiinrterhi and to the Westminster, and to other high-class pe- riodicals, he scarcely succeeded in making a per- manent impression on the public by any of his more formal publications. Of these the most important were: Letters from Spain (1822); Prurtirnl anil Internal Eridrnee Against Catholi- cism (1825); Poor Man's I'rescrration Against Popery (1825) ; and Second Travels of an Irish (lentlenian in Search of a Rcli'ron (1833). He ilied on May 20, 1841, in Liverpool. In 1845 appeared, under the editorship of J. H. Thorn, his most striking work. The Life of the Ilcn. ■ hisrph lilaneo ^'hite, Wrillin hy Himself, with Portions of His Correspondence. White is likely