Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 20.djvu/567

* WHITE. 479 WHITE. dorf. Keturning to the United States in 1875, he settled in New York City. His genre paint- ings are marked liy a fine feeling for color and a delicate and relincd sentitriciit. His liislorical pictures deal principally with subjects of Amer- ican history. Among the best are "Washington Kesigning His Commission" (State House, An- napolis, Md.) ; the unfinislied picture of the "Signing of the Compact on the Mayflower" (Yale College) ; "Thoughts of Liberia, Emanci- pation," and an "Old Woman Spinning" (Lenox Library, New York) ; ami "The Antiquary" (Jletropolitan Museum). WHITE, GiLBKKT (17-20-tl.3). An English naturalist. He was born 'Tuly 18, 1720, at Scl- borne, a secluded village of Ham])sliire, and grew up in Selbornc. at the house known as 'The Wakes,' famous as his life-long home. He at- tended school for a short tinu; at Earnham, and was afterwards sent to the Basingstoke Grammar School. Late in 1739 he was admitted to Oriel College, Oxford, where he graduated in 174.3, and was elected fellow. Ordained to the priesthood, he became curate at Swarraton, and subsequeully at Selborne and Faringdon, a neighboring parish. He lived mostly at 'The Wakes,' which he in- herited in 1703. In 1752 he was made dean of Oriel. He died and was buried at Selborne. In 1751 White began a (/«*■(/(«, A'(/?CH(/»r, which was afterwards elaborated into a Xaliiralist's Journal, wherein was recorded the temperature, the wind, and the weather for each day, the trees first in leaf, the plants first in flower, and the birds first to ajipear or disappear. The manu- scripts of these diaries, from which extracts have been published, are in the British Museum. In 1767 White nuide the acquaintance of Thomas Pennant, one of the most distinguished natural- ists of the eighteenth century, and the two men carried on a correspondence for nine years. While's part of this correspondence and a series of letters to Daines Harrington, another natural- ist, formed the basis of the famous yatural His- tory and Antiquities of Selborne (17S!1). The book opens with a earefiil description of the parish of Selborne, followed by quaint and de- lightful accounts of trees, flowers, birds, and in- sects. Since this little volume made its ap- pearance, scores of treatises on natural history have appeared, but this alone has become a classic. Indeed, 'liite struck the exact mean be- tween science and literature. Darwin praised the Xatiirnl Histori/ for its accurate observa- tions, and Lowell liked it because it took him out of doors. Others have been fascinated by the style, which is at once precise and natural. Edi- tions of the L^'atiiral History are numerous. Per- haps the best is that by Thomas Bell (London, 1877). who bought 'The Wakes' in 1840. The standard biography is The TAfe and Letters of (lilbprt White of ficlborne, edited by his great- prandnephew, Rashleigh Holt-White (London, 1901). WHITE, Gleeson (1851-08). An English writer on art, born at Christ Church, in Hamp- shire. He was educated at Christ Cliurch School and afterwards became a member of the Art Workers' Guild. In ISflO he came to New York City, where he condu(!ted the Art Amateur (1891- 92). Returning to England in 1S93. he founded the Studio, which he edited for about a year, and to which he contril)uted up to the time of his deatli, November 14, 1898. Among his publica- tions relative to art arc: Practical Designing (1893; 3d ed. 1897); Salisbury Cathedral (189(i); English Illustrations in the Sixties (1897); and Master 1'ainter.s of (Ireat Britain (4 vols., 1897-98). He also edited during his last years the "Ex Libris Series;" the "Con- noisseur Series;" the "P.-igeant;" and with E. T. Strange, Hell's "Cathedral Series." He was himself a designer of repute. In 1887 he edited lialUuhs and Unndiaus, a selec- tion from Lang, DoI)son, and other adepts in these Krench forms of verse, prefaced with a valuable essay. In the various styles he also wrote with much grace. WHITE, Hem!Y (18.50—). An American diplomat, born in Baltimore. He was educated by tutors at private schools in the United States and France. He was secretary of legation at Vienna in 1883-84, was then transferred to Lon- don as second secretary, and vas promoted sec- retary in 1880. President Cleveland recalled him in 1893, and in 1897 President JIcKinley ap- pointed him secretary of embassy at London. WHITE, Henry Kirke (178.5-1806). An English poet, born March 21, 1785. at Notting- ham. At the age of fifteen he was apprenticed fo an attorney; and here lie began to study by himself Latin and other languages. He also be- came a memlicr of a literary society in Notting- ham, and showed ability as a speaker. To the Monthly Mirror he sent several poems which at- tracted the attention of the proprietors. Acting on their advice, he published Clifton Grove, a Sketch in Verse, with Other Poems (1803). It secured him influential friends, notably Rob- ert Southey and Charles Simeon of King's Col- lege, Cambridge. The latter obtained for him a sizarship in Saint .Tolm's College, Cambridge. At the university he highly distinguished him- self in the classics; but overstudy soon ruined his health. He died in his college rooms, Oc- tober 19, 1806. Tile next year two volumes of his Rcmnins were published by liis friend Southey, to whom his manuscripts had been in- trusted, jirefaced by a memoir. Byron ranked White next to Chatterton. This position time has not confirmed. Several of his hymns are still in use. WHITE, Horace (1834—). An American journalist, horn at Colcbrook, N. H. He gradu- ated at Beloit College in 1853, and in 1854 be- came city editor of the Chicago Eveni)ig Journal. In 1856 he was appointed assistant secretary of the National Kansas Committee, and when its work was finished in the following year be re- sumed the work of a journalist in the office of the Chicago Tribune. As a re])orter he accom- panied Abraham Lincoln in 1S58 in his campaign against Stephen A. Douglas. His account of this celebrated contest is published in Herndon's Life of Lincoln. In 1865 he became editor-in- chief of the Chicago Tribune, which place he filled for the succeeding nine years. In 1877 he re- moved to New Y'ork City. A few years after- wards he bought an interest in the New York Erening Po.^t, and in conjunction with Carl Schurz and Edwin L. Godkin assumed the con- trol of its columns. In 1890 he succeeded God- kin as editor-in-chief and he held that position