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* WHARTON. 458 Law of the United States, a work of great value, "taken from Documents issued by Presidents and Secretaries of State, and from Decisions of Fed- eral Courts and Opinions of Attorneys-General." WHAKTON, Philip Wharton, Duke of (lOyS-1731 i. An English politician. He was the son of Thomas Wliarton, ]Marquis of Whar- ton, one of the leading Whig politicians in the reigns of King William and Queen Anne. He traveled abroad, and returning to England in 1716, showed himself an able debater in the Irish House of Lords. The result was that he was created Duke of Wharton in 1718, and for a while was prominent in the opposition to the Stanhope Ministry. At the same time he dissi- pated the remainder of his property, and was declared bankrupt. In 17-25 Wharton left Eng- land for the Continent, and there became a Jacobite. He died May 31, 1731. WHARTON, Thomas, Marquis of (c.l04S- 1715). Au English statesman, son of Philip, Baron Wharton, the Puritan statesman, and born at Woburn. His interest in politics was not marked till 1679, when he urged the Exclusion Bill. He was suspected of complicity with ilon- mouth and was certainly most active in arrang- ing for the reception of William in 1688. The preceding year he composed the satirical ballad "Lilli Burlero, Bullen-a-la," by means of which, as he used to boast, he had sung a king out of three kingdoms. On the accession of William he was rewarded by numerous lucrative offices. In 1702, at the accession of Anne, he was removed from office, but by clever intriguing and the liberal use of money within the next few years he became one of the leaders of the Whig Party, After June. 1706, he was a member of the Wliig .lunto, Halifax, Orford, Somers, and Sunderland. In 1708 he was made Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, and held the post two years. For part of this time Joseph Addison was his secretary. Miar- ton was the shrewdest party manager of his day and a sincere if not disinterested Whig. Con- sult: Memoirs of the Kit-Kat Club (London, 1821) ; and Renke, History of Enr/land, vols, iv., v., and vi. (Eng. trans., Oxford, 1875). WHARTON, Thomas (1735-1778). An American patriot, born in Chester County, Pa, Upon the news of the passage of the Stamp Act in 17C5 he joined in the non-importation move- ment; became a member of the Committee of Correspondence in 1774: and was one of the 25 members of the Committee of Safety in 1775. On July 24, 1770, he was chosen president of the Council of Safety, and from 1777 until his death was Prc.-iih'nt of Pennsylvania. WHATCOAT, Richard (1736-1806). A bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He was born in Quinton, Gloucestershire, England ; entered the Wesleyan Conference (176!)); and preached extensively in England, Ireland, and Wales, He was sent to America with Coke in 1784 to aid in forming the Methodist Kiiiscopal Church. In 1800. the health of Bisliop Ashury being poor, Whatcoat was elected to assist liim. Consult Phoebus, Memoirs of Bishop Whiitcoiit (New York, 1828). WHATCOM. The county-seat of Whatcom County, Wa^h., 80 miles north of Seattle, on WHAT YOXJ WILL. Bcllingham Bay, and on the Great Xorthern, the Bellingham Bay and British Columbia, and other railroads (Map: Washington, CI). It is the seat of a State normal school. There are a pub- lic library. Saint Luke's Hospital, Sacred Heart Hospital, the city hall, and the county court- house. The section is very fertile, and is engaged in stock-raising, farming, dairying, and fruit- growing. There are .stone quarries and deposits of coal, Whatcom is the shipping centre for this region and has a large trade also in fish. The industrial establishments comprise canneries, sawmills, a brewery, and manufactories of bar- rels, boxes, flour, fish oil, lumber products, etc. Shipbuilding is another important industry. The government is vested in a maj-or, chosen annual- ly, and a unicameral council. The water-works are owned and operated by the municipality. Whatcom was settled in 1858, Population, in 18tW, 4827; in 1900, 6834, WHATELY, hwat'Ii, Richard (1787-1863). An English prelate and scholar. He was born in London, and after some years at a private school, educated at Oriel College, Oxford, where he took his degree in 1808. He took the English essay prize in 1810. and a year later won the blue ribbon of Oxford scholarship of that period, be- ing elected a fellow of Oriel, a member of the brilliant society adorned by Arnold. Pusey, Keble, and John Henry Newman. In 1S19 he pub- lished his first book, Historic Doubts About Xii- poleon Buonaparte, in which he endeavored, with a success popular rather than scientitic, to show tliat Hume's doubts in regard to miracles had equal force with reference to the existence of Napoleon. In 1822 he took the living of Hales- woi'th, in Suflfolk, and delivered the Bampton lec- tures at Oxford, on "The Use and Abuse of Party Feeling in Religion," He was appointed princi- pal of Saint Alban Hall, Oxford, in 1825. About this time he wrote for the Kncyclopa'dia Metro- politana articles on logic and rhetoric, which were also ])ub!ished in separate form. Elements of Logic (1826), and Elements of Rhetoric (1828), He became professor of political economy in 1829. but in 1831 left Oxford for good with his elevation to the Archbishopric of Dublin. In this post lie was active in all matters of ecclesiastical and social importance, and showed a deep inter- est in every question alTecting the welfare of Ireland. The success of the national system of education there was in large measure due to him. He belonged to the liberal school both in religion and in politics; but his ability and con- scientiousness were admitted even by those who differed most widely from him on such burning questions as catholic cmanci|i:ition or the doc- trine of the atonement. In aildition to the works named above, mention should lie made of Lec- tures on Pnliticdl F.eiinomy (1831); Essays on Some of the I'eculiarities of the Cliristi((n l'e- liflion (1825); The Search After Infallibility (1847) : and The Kingdom of Christ Delineated (1841), Consult his Life and Correspondence. liy his daughter (London, 1866) ; Fitzpatrick, Anecdotal Memoirs of Richard ^yhateIy (ib., 1864), WHAT YOTJ WILL, A comedy by .Tnhn Maislon. written about 1601, printed in 1607, The |ilot, which centres on an error, was com- mon to many old plays.