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* WESTINGHOUSE. 440 WESTMINSTER. laboratories. In addition to being the head of a number of corporations, capitalized at some $75,- 000.000 and employing over 20,000 people, We.st- inghouse established large factories and works in Europe, tie was decorated with the French Legion of Honor, the Royal Crown of Italy, and the^ Order of Leopold. Westingliouse's work in mechanical engineering has always been typical of the best American practice both in the field of invention and in the organization and opera- tion of manufacturing plants, and few works have been operated on a larger scale or more efficiently than those under his control. WEST'LAKE^ John (1828—). An English legal scliolar, born at Lostwithiel, Cornwall. He graduated at Trinity College, Cambridge, in 18.50, was fellow of the college in 1851-00, was called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn in 1854. and became a bencher of the Inn in 1874. In 1885 he was elected to Parliament as Liberal member for the Romford Division of Essex, in 1888 was appointed professor of international law in the University of Cambridge, and in 1899 was a' member for Great Britain of the International Court of Arbitration at The Hague. His pub- lications include: A Treatise on I'ricate Interna- tional Law (1858: 2d ed., rewritten. 1880; 3d ed. 1890) ; and Chapters on the Principles of In- trinational Laic ( 1804). WEST LOTHIAN. A county of Scotland. See LixLiTiiiiow. WEST'MACOTT. A family of distinguislied English sculptors. — Sir Richard Westmacott ( 177.5'1856), the first to attain eminence, wag the son and pupil of Richard Westmacott, also a sculptor. In 1793 his father sent him to Roi:ie, where he received his actual artistic training from Canova. carrying oft' the gold medal of the Academy of Saint Luke with his bas-relief of "Joseph and His Brethren." In the same year (1795) he was made a member of the Florentine Academy. Returning to London in 1797, he was in 1811 elected .Academician, and in 1827 succeeded Flaxman as professor of sculpture at the Royal Academy. His commissions in- cluded, besides public works in England, a number for India and the colonies. Among the most important were the statues of Addison, Pitt, Fox. and Percival in Westmin- ster : the monuments to Abercromby. Colling- wood. Captain Cook, and General Pakenham in Saint Paul's; a colossal bronze statue of Achillea in Hyde Park, after the original on Jlonte Ca- vallo at Rome; and the statue of the Duke of York on the column in Waterloo Place. One of his latest works was the pediment groups repre- senting the "Progress of Civiliz;ition." executed for the British Museum (1847). In 1837 he was knighted. After retiring from his profession he continued to lecture until 1S54. and died in Lon- don. .S'ptembiT I, 1850. His son and pupil, Richard We.stmacott ( 1799-1872), born in London, was also a sculptor. After studying at the Royal .-eademy from 1820 to 1820 he resided in Italy, devoting himself to ancient sculpture and its history. His earliest works, exhibited at the Royal Academy, were ideal figures, but from 1840 iintil 1855, when he retired from his profession, he was principally engaged in monumental sculptures, and in por- trait busts like those of .lohn Menrv Newman, Lord Russell, Sir Roderick ilurchison, and others. From 1857 to 1807 he was professor of sculpture at the Royal Academy, in which office he succeeded his father. Westmacott was also well known as a writer and lecturer on art sub- jects, and was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1837. He was the author of the Hand- hook of Ancient and Modern Sculpture (1804). WEST'MEATH. An inland county of the Province of Leinstcr. Ireland, bounded, north by the counties of Cavan and Sleath, east by Jleatli, south by King's County, and west by Roscom- mon (Map: Ireland, D 3). Area, 708 square miles, largely devoted to pasturage. Chief towns, Athlone and ilullingar, the capital. Population, in IS41, 141.011(1; in 1901, 61.500. WESTTHINSTER. A metropolitan borough of London, England, on the left bank of the Thames, southwest of the city so called. In this borough the laws and fashions of Great Britain are made, and the Government officials and aris^ tocraey dwell. It conJ:ains the Houses of Par- liament, the Government offices. Westminster Abbey. Saint .Tames's Palace. Buckingham Pal- ace. Belgrave Square, the eastern end of Hyde Park. Green Park. Trafalgar Square, the Mall, Pall Mall. Piccadilly. Whitehall, and Charing Cross and Victoria stations. Population, in 1901. 182.977. WESTMINSTER. The county-seat of Car- roll County. Sid., 33 miles northwest of Balti- more, on the Patap~eo River, and nn the Western Maryland Railroad (ilap: Maryland, K 2). It is the seat of the Western Maryland College (Methodist Protestant), opened in 1868, and of the Westminster Theological Seminary (Metho- dist Protestant), opened in 1882. Other fea- tures are the homes of the fraternal organiza- tions and the county court-house. The city is surrounded by a region having extensive marble quarries and other mineral wealth, and manu- factures flour, canned goods, shirts, etc. Founded in 1764, Westminster was incorporated as a borough in 1838. and was chartered as a city twentv vears later. Population, in 1890, 2903"; in 1900." 3199. WESTMINSTER, Hrc.ii Lupus Grosvenor. Duke of (1825-99). An English nobleman. He was born in London and was the son of Rich- ard, second Marquis of Westminster. He was educated at Eton and at Balliol College, Oxford; was member of Parlianient for Ches- ter from 1847 to 1868; succeeded to the ^larquisate in 1869: was created Duke in Is74. and held several high official positions, in- cluding that of Lord Lieutenant of the County of London in 1888. His vast landed estates won for him the reputation <if thf wealthiest of English nobles. He was an aftive and ste;idfast sup- porter of Gladstone during that statesman's erusa<le against the Tiirkish atrocities in Mul- garia. He was succeeded by his gramlson. Hugh Richard Arthur Grosvenor (1879 — ), the second Duke of Westminster. WESTMINSTER, Provisions of. In Eng- li-li lii^tiiiy. a uuTuber of ordinances enacted in October. 1259. supplementary to the well-know'n Provisions of Oxford (q.v. ) and intended to meet the special grievances of the barons. See Eng- land; Mo.NTFORT, Simon de.