Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 20.djvu/492

* WELLES. 416 WELLHATJSEN. was Comptroller of the State in 1835 and again in 1842 and 1843, was postmaster at Hartford from 1835 to 1842, and from 184G to 1849 was chief of the Bureau of Provisions and Clothing in the Xavy Department. Joining the Republican Party soon after its organization, he was a dele- gate to the National Convention at Chicago in 1S60. and in 1861 became Secretary of the Navy in President Lincoln's Cabinet. In this position, though utterly ignorant of navigation and ship construction, he evinced great executive abilitj', managing the navy with the greatest efficiency during the Civil ar, and was besides a valuable adviser of the President on matters of general policy. Being reappointed by President Lin- coln in 1865, he was retained by President Johnson, and served throughout the latter's ad- ministration. Subsequently, in 1872, he joined the Liberal Eepublieans, and in 1876, as an adherent of Sanuiel .J. Tilden, took an active and somewhat acrimonious part in the Tilden- Hayes controversy. He published a volume en- titled Lbirohi and Seiiaid (1874). WELLESLEY, welz'li. A town, including several villages, in Norfolk County, Mass., 15 miles west of Boston, on the Boston and Albany Railroad (Map: :Iassuehusetts, E 3). It is at- tractively situated and has well-shaded streets anil many handsome residences. The chief fea- ture of the town is Wellesley College (q.v.), one of the most important educational institutions for women in the L'nited States. There are also here Dana Hall, a school for girls, Wellesley School and Rockridge Hall, schools for boys, and a public library with more than 11.600 volumes. The government is administered by town meet- ings. The water-works are owned and operated bv the town. Population, in 1890, 3600; in limO, .i072. WELLESLEY, Artiur, first Duke of Wel- lini.'toii. See Vei.i.ix(,tox. WELLESLEY, Ricii.vRD Collet Welle.sley, Marquis (1760-1842). A British administrator of India. He was the eldest son of Garret Wellesley. first Earl of ilornington. and brother of the Duke of Wellington. He was born at Dangan Castle, Ireland, and was educated at Harrow. Eton, and Christ Church. O.-cford, but never took a degree, on account of his father's death in 1781. which compelled him to end his studies. In 1784 he entered the English House of Commons, and in 1703 became a mend)er of the Board of Control of Indian Affairs. On the resignation of Lord Cornwallis in 1707. Wellesley was appointed fiovcrnnr-Oeneral of India. He inuncili.-itely concluded several treaties with the powerful native rulers, which assured either their alliance or neutrality in the impending struggle with France. In 1700 Mysore, the country of the hostile Tipu Sahib, soti of Hyder All (q.v.), was invaded by a British force, and in a very short time the dreailed Sultan was overthrown. Wellesley now established several dependent principalities, a procedure which be- came for a long time the British policy in deal- ing with the native States. As a reward for his services he was created Marquis Wellesley in the Irish peerage. He extended Britisli rule in many direetinns, and also paid much attention to the internal affairs of the British provinces. The Mahratta War of 1803-05 was marked by the victories of Arthur Wellesley, Lake, and others. The administration of the Marquis of Wellesley terminated in 1805. In 1809 he was sent as envoy to Spain, and in the same year he became Secretary of State for Foreign Atiairs under Perceval. He acquitted himself well in the many important negotiations that required his attention. After Perceval's assassination in 1812 he tried to form an administration of his own, but in vain. Until 1821 Wellesley remained out of office, and was usually in opposition, believing that it would have been better to allow Napoleon to continue to rule, though with restricted power. In 1821 he accepted the position of Lord Lieu- tenant of Ireland, and was at fir.st well received by all parties, but when he sought to reconcile Catholics and Protestant.s, he aroused the opposi- tion of the Orangemen. He resigned in 1828, but held the same office again in 1833-34. He re- tired to private life, and died September 26, 1842. He was one of the greatest colonial ad- ministrators Great Britain has ever had, and together with Dalhousie and Hastings firmly established the British power in India. Con- sult: Martin, Drfipatches, ilinufes, and Corre- spondence of the ilarfjuis 'Wellesley During His Adniiiiisfriiiiiin in India. (5 vols., London, 1836) ; Hutton. The ilarquis Wellesley (Oxford, 1893). See India. WELLESLEY COLLEGE. An undenomina- tional institution for the higher education of women at Wellesley, ilass.. founded in 1875 by Henry Fowie Durant, of Boston. Students are admitted eitlier by examination or by certificate from approved schools. The courses are largely elective and lead to the degrees of B.A. and M.A. The college is a contributor to the American schools of classical study at Rome and Athens, to the Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole, Mass., and to the Zoological Station at Naples. The attendance in 1904 was 081, the force of instructors numbered 90. and the library contained 55.543 volumes. In the same year the endowment was .$838,036 and the gross income $314,133. WELLESLEY PROVINCE. A province of Penang (q.v. I. the nio>t nnithcrly of tlie British Straits Settlements (q.v.), on the western coast of the Malay Peninsula (Map: Burma, D 6). Area, 288 square miles; population, over 100,- 000. Tapioca, rice, sugar, and pepper are pro- duced. WELLHAirSEN, vel'hou-zen, .JuLlus (1844 — ). A (ierman Orii'iital and biblical scholar. He was born at Hameln. and stuilied iindcr ICwald at Giittingen. He became professor at (5reifs- wald in 1872, but resigned because of theological disagreement with his conservative colleagues. He then became professor nt Halle (1S82), at IMarburg ( 1885), and at Gottingen (1802). As an Old Testament scholar WelllKUisen holds a uniqiic position for his work in literary criticism an<l historical reconstriction. One of his earliest books, PharisHer tind ffadducaer (1874), is the classic treatise upon tbiit subject. The most important of his other biblical writings are: Trxl drr liiirlirr Kamnrlf: (1871): (Irsehirhte Israels (1878), expan<led into Prolcriomena xur (lesehirhtr Isriirls (18S3; 3d ed. 18S6; Eng. trans., Edinbiirgh, 1883, ISOl) ; Isrnelitisrhe nnd jitdische Gesehiehte (1804; 4th ed. 1001); Die Conipositinv des IJexntcnehs vnd. drr histnrischen ISiirhcr des Alien Teslanients (1885, 1880) : Die