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* WEISMANNISM. 412 WEITLING. sented by a living particle" (Hertwig). It should be said that Weismann from time to time modified his views. For bibliography, see under Weismann ; for criticisms of Weismannism, consult Romanes, .in Examination of Weismannism (Chicago, 1893) ; 0. Hertwig, The Biological Problem of To-day (New York, 1894). WEISS, vis, Bebniiabd (1827 — ). A German theologian. He was born at Konigsberg, and studied there and at Halle and Berlin. In 1857 he became professor at Konigsberg, in 1803 at Kiel, and in 1877 at Berlin. He took a deep interest in the "Inner Mission" (q.v.), and held positions at Berlin as official adviser concerning matters of religious education. The most im- portant of his publications are Lehrbuch der hiblischen Theologie dcs Neuen Testatnents (1808: Eng. trans.". Edinburgh, 1882-8.3) ; Leben Jesu (1882; Eng. 'trans., Edinburgh, 1883-84): Einleilung in das .Vcwe Testament (1886; Eng. trans.. London, 1889); Das Neue Testament: Textkritische jjniersuchungen und Textherstel- lung (4 parts, 1894-1900).' For the new edition of Meyer's commentary he prepared the volumes on the Gospels of Matthew and .John, the Epistles to the Romans, Timothy, Titus, and the Hebrews, and the Epistles of John, and with bis son Johannes (professor at Marburg) that upon the Gospels of Mark and Luke. WEISS, Hermann (1822—). A German painter and writer on art. born in Hamburg. He studied painting under Johann Samuel Otto, then in Diisseldorf under Theodor Hildebrandt, but gave himself chiefly to researches in the his- tory of art and civilization, retui-ned to Berlin in 1845, became instructor at the academy in 1854, and professor in 1856, and was appointed director of the arsenal in 1879. He wrote Oe- schichte des Eostiims (1853) ; and Kostiimkunde. (leschichte der Tracht, des Haves und des deriits von den friihesten Zeiten bis avf die Geqenirart (1850-72; 2d ed. 1881-83), an important con- tribution to the history of civilization. WEISS, John (1818-79). An American au- thor and clergyman, born in Boston, He was educated at Harvard (1837) and graduated at the Divinity School there in 1843. He then preached at Watertown and New Bedford, Mass., till failing health compelled him to devote sev- eral years to travel. ' In 1859 he returned to Watertown. where he remained till 1870 in charge of the Unitarian Church. He was a zeal- ous Abolitionist and transcendcntalist. and an ad- ■voeate of women's rights and of rationalism in re- ligion. His publications included a Life and Correspondence of Theodore Parker (1804), American Religion (1871), and a translation of Schiller's Philosophical and, .'Esthetic Letters and Essays (1845). WEISSE, vl'se, Christian Felix (172(!- 1804). A German poet. He was born at Anna- herp, in Saxony, and was educated at the Univer- sity of Leipzig. In 1701 he became receiver of Ia.e8 in Leipzig. Weisse was a popular play- wright in his day. Die Liebe auf dem Lande (1768) and Die Jagd (1770). together with many other plays, were long favorites on the Ger- man stage. His best known tragedies were adaptations from Shakespeare (Itiehard III., 17.59, and Romeo und Juliet, 1707). He also wrote many lyrics and books for children. Con- sult Minor, Christian Felix Weisse und seine Beziehungen ~ur deutschcn Litteratur (Inns- bruck, 1880). WEISSE, Christian Hermann (1801-00). A CJerman philosopher. He was born at Leip- zig. During his study at the university of his native city he deserted law for philosophy. After taking his degree in 1823 he taught in the University of Leipzig till 1837, when he retired to his estate near the city, Init was recalled to academic activity in 1845 by an appointment as professor. Weisse was with Fichte one of the founders of the sys- tem of speculative theism which opposed the pantheistic idealism of Hegel. His most im- portant writings were: System der Aesthetik als yissenschaft von der Idee der Hchtonheit (1830) ; Die Idee der Gottheit (1833); (Irundziige der Metaphysik (1835) ; Kritik und Erliiuierung des Goetheschen Faust (1837): Die Christologie Luthers (1852); Philosophische Dogmatik oder Philosophic des Christenthutns (1855-62): and Psyehologie und Unsterbliehkeitslehre (1809). Consult Seydel, Christian Hermann Weisse (Leipzig, 1866), WEISSENBURG, vis'scn-bTlorK. A town of Lower Alsari', on the Lauter River, about 20 miles west of Karlsruhe, It has manufactories of stockings, paper, leather, and matches. Popu- lation, in 1900, 0294, It is noted as the scene of the first important battle of the Franco-Ger- man War, August 4, 1870, in which the French under Douay were defeated by the advance guard of the German Army under the Crown Prince of Prussia. The lines of Weissenliurg were fortifica- tions extending from Weissenbiirg along the right bank of the Lauter for a distance of about thir- teen miles to its confluence with the Rhine. They were built in 1700 and played an important part in the war of the Austrian Succession and in the wars of the French Revolution. Their demolition was begun in 1873. WEISSENFELS, vi'spn-fels. A town in Saxony. Prussia, 23 miles southwest of Leipzig on the Saale (Jlap: Prussia, E 3), It has im- portant industries, including the manufacture of shoes, paper, nails add chains, machinery, sugar, electrical appliances, and organs. Popu- lation, in 1900. 28.201. WEISSNICHTWO, vis'nikt-vo (Ger., know not where I . In Carlyle's .s'orfor Resartus. a city in which Herr Teufelsdrockh (q,v, ) was a university professor, WEITLING, vTt'ling, Wilhei.m (1808-71), A German socialist, born in Magdeburg. He was a tailor by trade, but traveled through his native country preaching communism and other radical doctrines. After taking part in the revo- lutionary movenuMit of 1848 he settled in Amer- ica, which he had previously visited, and formcil a socialist society in New York City called the A)-beiterbund. lie was identified with a socialis- tic colony in Wisconsin, bnf lived in New York, where he had ii clerkship. The ideal society of Weitling was to be fashioned on the old ethnic lines, a federation of the families of the world, with leaders chosen by aeelnniation, who should divide the products of labor, giving to every one a fixed share. He wrote Die Mensehheif n-ie nie isl und sein soil (1838), Garantien der Harmome