Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 20.djvu/471

* WEBSTER-ASHBURTON TREATY. 395 WECKERLIN. ditioM (if I'liiiiiiials, luid coiifMitUMi a 'cniisiiif,'- convi'iilioii' chnise, which lioiiiid e;u'li nation to keep a squailnm till' tlif coaHt of Africa for the suppression of tin.' slave trade. Oilier inie.stioiis, suc-li a.s tilt' Oregon boundary, the (.'uroluie af- fair, and the Creole case, were pas.scd over in silenee. A curious feature of the negotiations leading up to the treaty was that each nation secretly had in its possession a map that was unfavorable to its own claims. The Americans withheld one that had recently been discovered in the Paris archives and that was supposed to have been marked by Franklin in 17S2; the Brit- ish withheld one made by Oswald, one of the commissioners who had negotiated the peace which had given the United States its independ- ence. Later each Government made use of the unfavorable map in its possession to convince its people that it had secured a good bargain. The text of the treaty is given in Macdonald, Select Doeumcnts lUuslniiire of the Jliston/ of the United ^States. 1776-lSGl (New York, 1898). Consult: Curtis. Life of Daniel Wehn'ter (2 vols.. New York, 1870) ; and Schouler, lUstorti of the IJnited States (G vols., New York, new ed. 1899). See NoRTiiE.v.ST Boundary Dispute. WEBSTER CITY. The county-seat of Ham- ilton County. Iowa, 72 miles north by west of I)es JIuines, on the Illinois Central, the Chicago and Northwestern, and the Crooked Creek rail- roads (Map: Iowa. D 2). It has the Kendall Young Lilirary with about 4000 volumes, the Jacob Funk Hospital, and a handsome court- house. The city is the commercial centre of a region engaged in farming and dairying and liaving stone quarries and deposits of coal. There are shops of the Crooked Creek Railroad, and manufactories of canned goods, rugs, cigars, bricks and tiles, brooms, iron products, stock food, and felt shoes. The government is vested in a mayor, chosen biennially, and a unicameral council. The water-works and the electric light plant are oivned and opei'ated by the municipal- itv. Webster Citv was settled in 1857. Popula- tion, in ISIiO. 2829: in 1900, 4613. WEBWORM {ireh. AS. iveh, OHG. tceppi, loappi, dialectic Ger. UVftft, Ger. Gewehe, web, from AS. wefan. OHG. ireban, Ger. weben, to weave; connected with Gk. C^os, hyphos, web, Skt. firnavahhi, wool-spinner, spider + trorm). Any one of several lepidopterous larvae which spin webs, and either live gregariously in large WEB OF F..L WEBWORM. With one of the suspended caterpillars. colonies or occupy single webs. The commonest of the webworms is the 'fall' webworm, the larva of Ihiphantria textor. The adult is a rather small, pure white moth, sometimes spotted with Vol. XX.— 26. black. It lays its eggs in clusters of four to live hundred upon the leaves of many kinds of trees. The caterpillars on hatching live together, each colony spinning a web which grows with the growth of the larva', and which may eventually include all the leaves of a good-sized limb. L pon reaching full growth the larvte leave the web and crawl down the trunk to spin their cocoons. There are two generations each year, and the in.sect hibernates in the pupal condi- tion. When numerous it is abundantly parasi- tized, many ichneumon flies and chalcis flies lay- ing their eggs in the growing caterpillars. Hurii- ing the welis at nightfall or in dark weather, when the caterpillars are close together, is often practiced, a torch being used. Compare Tem Catekpillars. The sugar-beet webworm is the green and black .striped larva of a pyralid moth (Loxo- alege sticticalis). It feeds upon the leaves of the sugar beet, trans- forming to a pupa in May after passing the winter underground in a long silken tube. The imported cabbage web- worm is the larva of another pyralid moth { H ell u la iindalis), which occurs through- out the Gulf region in the United States, and which is also found in the Mediterranean, Ethiopian, and Oriental regions. The moths lay their eggs in small batches on the leaves, upon the under sides of which the larvae feed, concealing themselves with which their e.xcrcment is .^'- -^r/-- m. 4- iwi. ./^ FALL WEBWORM. .7, Caterpillar of Hxphan- tria cUDea; ft, spotted form of motti: c, cocoon. a silken web to attached. There are two generations each year. Cabbages and turnips are the favorite food, but radishes and beets are also attacked. An early trap- crop of collards or radishes is recommended to be planted and sprayed with an arsenical poison. WECKERLIN, Ger. pron. vek'er-len, Fr. pron. va'kariaK, Jeax B.ptiste TiifiODORE (1821 — ). A French musician, born at Geb- weiler, Alsace. In 1844 he began his musical career, studying singing with Ponchard and com- position with Halcvy at the Paris Conservatory. In 1847 he brought out his heroic symphony Roland. In 1853 W.eckerlin was most success- ful in the production of a one-act comic opera, L'orfianiate dans I'embarras. In 1809 he was appointed assistant librarian to the Conserva- tory. In 1863 he produced his comic opera Die dreifacli Hoeh::eit im Biisethal, and in 1879 Der lerhiixt Herhst. These were both in Alsa- tian dialect. In 1877 he brought out the one-act opera Apres Fontenoy. In 1876 he became F^lieien David's successor as librarian at the Conservator)' and published in 1885 a biographi- cal catalogue. Later he became librarian of the 'Societe des Compositeurs.' Among his works are: an oratorio, he jugement dernier; the can- tatas, L'Aurore and Paix, charity, grandeur (1806); the 'ode-symphonie' Les poemes de la