Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 20.djvu/454

WEA. low the present site of Lafayette, Indiana. The Wea and the Piankishaw (q.v. ) vere always considered divisions of the Miami, apart from whom they have no separate history until Little Turtle secured their reeo^ition as dis- tinct tribes at the Greenville treaty in 1795 in order to obtain from them separate tribal an- nuities. In 1820 the Wea sold their reserved lands in Indiana and removed with the Pianki- shaw to Illinois and Jlissouri, whence they afterwards removed to Kansas. In 1854 the two tribes, reduced to a mere remnant, united with the remnants of the Peoria ( q.v. ) and Kaskaskia (q.v.), all that were left of the ancient Illinois (q.v.). In 1868 they removed to a reservation in the northeast corner of Indian Territorj% where they number now all told only 180, prob- ably not one being of pure blood.

WEAKFISH ( so called on account of its ten- der mouth ). or SQUETEAorE. A common fish of the family Sciienidte {Ci/noscion regalis), found on sandy shores along the Atlantic coast of the United .States. It is pale brownish above, with a greenish tinge, grading into silvery along the Bides and belly, variegated with brown vermicu-

WEAEFIBH.

lar blotches, some of which form undulating lines running downward and forward. Its average weight is about five pounds, but it may attain a weight of 30 pounds. From its shape and habit of taking the hook it is sometimes called 'sea trout.' It is an important food-fish along the coast. It spawns in Jlay and .June. The eggs are buoyant and hatch in about forty-eight hours.

WEALDEN (wel'dcn) FORMATION. An important series of fresh-water strata belonging to the Lower Cretaceous series as developed in England. Having been originally studied in the parts of Kent, Surrey, and Sussex called the Weald, this local name was given to the forma- tion. It has been divided into two series, which do not differ very materially from each other, viz. Weald claj', 5G0 feet; Hastings sand, 740; total, i:i00. The formation was deposited in an inland sea which covered much of Southern Eng- land and e-xtended into Germany.

WEALTH (ME. welthe, weoJthe, OHG. we- lida, iccUtha, wealth, from AS. ice!, iccll, Goth. icaila, OHG. wela, wola, Gcr. icohl, well ; con- nected with Gk. pt'ATepo^^ belteros, better, Skt. vara, better, wish, from var, to ehoo.se). The term wealth in political economy is applied to all objects possessing value (q.v.). As a rule, ob- jects which fall under the category of wealth are useful, limited in supply, and transferable. Some authors would exclude, others include, un- der wealth, persona! services; a few would in- clude health, strength, intelligence, and other personal attributes. The best usage confines the term to objects that are external to man. See Political Economy ; Value.

WEALTH OF NATIONS, The. See Smith, Adam.

WEANING (from ii;ean, AS. icenian, Goth. icanjdn, OHG. wenjan, wennan, wenun, Ger. ge- wohnen, to accustom; connected with Goth. icunan, to enjoy, OHG. icini, friend, Lat. Venus, goddess of love, Skt. van, to hold dear, wish, win). The substituting of artificial food for breast milk, in the case of an infant. This proc- ess should be gradual. If sudden, the mother suffers from painful breasts, and the child suffers from indigestion. Weaning should not be ac- complished in liot weather, if it can be postponed without harm. Nursing should be continued in normal cases for nine months after birth. If it be protracted beyond this limit the vitality of the mother is apt to suffer, and the child is apt to lose weight from subsisting upon insufficiently nourishing food. A stationary weight for a few weeks or a loss of weight in the child is a signal that nutrition needs supplementing, and weaning must be accomplished, even though the child seems well and is natural. Pregnancy in the mother is an imperative reason for wean- ing. It is wise to accustom every child to take water from a bottle after it is a few months old, before the time for wenning approaches. Sud- den weaning may become imperative because the mother has no milk, or becomes the victim of an acute disease, such as pneumonia, typhoid fever, Brighfs disease, or tuberculosis. Inflam- mator.v disease of the brea.st is also a coimter- indication for nursing. During a short acute illness, the breasts may be emptied at regular intervals with a pump, while the child is fed from a bottle, and breast feeding may be re- sumed upon the mother's recovery. If the mother has no milk, the child must be weaned as soon as the breasts have been emptied of colostrum. It is safe to wait for two days for the milk to appear in the breasts. When wean- ing is sudden, reason must be employed in the use of artificial food. That is, a five-month- old child must not be put at once on a diet for that age, but gradually brought up to it after beginning with food which is proper for a child of a month old. See Infants, Feeding of.

WEARE, Mesiiech (171.1-86). An American political leader, born at Hampton Falls. N. H. He graduated at Harvard in 173.5; studied for the ministry, and preached for a short time. He later studied law; represented his town f(U- many years in the New Hanijjshire General Court; was Speaker in 1752; and served as a justice, and then as Chief .Justice, of the Superior Court of .Tudicature. He was also colonel of a regiment of militia, and was ii commissioner 1o the famous Albany Congress of 1754. At the beginning of the Kevolutionary War he was made chairman of the Committee of Piiblie Safety; when the new courts were organized, was placed at their head; and was active in raising troops to oppose the British under Burgoyne. Under the temporary Constitution of 1776 he was annually elected President of the State until 17S4, when he was^ almost unanimously chosen under the new Con- stitution, but resigned before the end of his term. WEARING. See TAfKiNG and Wearing.

WEARING OF THE GREEN. A popular Irish song by Dion Boucicault, occurring in his