Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 20.djvu/453

* WAYNE. 379 WE A. of the West, vol. iv. (Now York, 1880-fl). The best and most recent biography is that by Spears, Antlwny Wayne (New York, 1!)03). WAYNE, James Mooue (17110-1807). An American jurist, born in Savannah, Ga., and educated at I'rinooton College, where he grad- luited in 1808. He then studied law, was ad- mitted to the bar, and practiced at Savannah, in 1820-35 he was a member of Congress. He v;a3 a strong sujjporter of President Jackson's policy and was appointed l)y him associate justice of the United States Su])reme Court in 18.'!."). Wajme was an able orator and logician, and an au- thority upon admiralty jurispnulence. He fa- vored free trade, but opposed internal improve- ments by Congress e.xcept of rivers and harbors, and op[K)sed the rechartering of the United States Bank. WAYNES'BORO. A borough in Franklin County, Pa., 14 miles south by east of Chambers- burg, the comity seat, on tlic Western Maryland and the Mont Alto railroads (ilap: Pennsyl- vania, D 4). It is cliielly an industrial town, being especially known tor the manufacture of engines, boilers, farm and ilairv implements, and various kinds of machinery. There are also foundries and machine shops, and manufactories of pottery, flour, and lumber products. In the census year 1900 the various industrial estab- lishments had $3,084,774 capital, and an output valued at $2,731,050. The region is engaged in agriculture. Population, in 1800, 3811; in 1900, 5300. WAYN'FLETE, or WAINFLEET, ^^•ILLI.VM OF (]:','.I5V-14S6). An English bishop and states- man. He was born at Wainflcet and probably educated at Winchester and New College, Ox- ford. He was ordained priest in 1420, and on the foundation of Eton College, removed thither in 1442 <as a fellow, becoming the second provost in the following year. He succeeded Cardinal Beaufort as Bisliop of Winchester in 1447, and a year later obtained letters patent for the foun- dation of a hall at Oxford to promote the study of theology and philosophy, which ten years later he merged into liis foundation of Magdalen Col- lege. As a member of the Royal Council, he was called upon to treat with the rebel Jack Cade, and incurred the liatred of the Yorkist party by his intervention. He was appointed Lord Chan- cellor liy Henry VI. in 1450, and took a decided part against the Yorkists wlicn the crisis be- came acute. He lost his office on their triumph in 1400, acquiesced for the time in the rule of Edward IV., but released Henry VI. from the Tower in 1470, and was obliged to purchase a pardon in 1471. After this he was much at court, and occupied with the completion of Eton and Magdalen colleges. The last few months of his life were spent in retirement at his manor of South Waltham. Hampshire, where he died. WAY OF THE WORLD, TnE. The last play of William Congreve, produced in 1700 at Lin- coln's Inn Fields and at first coolly received. The characters are in many cases suggested by Jloli^re's types. The plot rests on the attempt of JliUamant and her lover to save the former's dowry from her jealous guardian. Lady Wish- fort, by marrying that elderly coquette to a dis- guised valet. They finally succeed in acquiring the property by rescuing Lady Wishfort's daugh- VOL. xx.-^25. ter from the threatened exposures of a shameless an<l avaricious husband. WAYS AND MEANS, Committke of. In the I'liitcd States, the most important commit- tee ))oth In the Slate and national legislatures, having been borrowed from the usage of Great liritain. In the House of Representatives the chairmanship of the committee usually goes to one of tlio acknowledged leaders of the majority ])arty and is rcganled as second only in rank to the Speakership. The Committee of Ways and Means was employed in the first Congress of 1789 and became a standing committee in 1795. Like its English prototy|)e, it is charged with the preparation of all legislation relating to the raising of revenue or the pay- ment of the national bonded debt. The commit- tee is appointed liy the Speaker; the number of memlicrs was originally .seven, but is now seven- teen ; and the minority party is usually given from one-fourth to one-third of the places on the committee. For flie dispatch of business tlio eonimittee usually appoints from its membership several sub-committees. In 1850 it was given a temporary right of way over other committees of the House, and at the outbreak of the Civil War the privilege became permanent. ITntil 1805 the Ways and Means Committee also considered ap- propriation measures, but since then that duty has develojied upon a Committee of Appropria- tions, which ranks .second in importance among the House committees. Consult: MeConacliie, Conriri'ssional Committees (New York, 1898) ; ^^'ilson, Congressitmal Oovernment (Boston, 1888). WAYZ-GOOSE. See Bean-Feast. WAZAN, wji-ziin'. A holy city of Morocco, situated about 53 miles north of Fez. It has a number of fine mosques and a fine palace. The sherif, to whose reside:ice Wazan owes its im- portance, is regarded as the spiritual ruler of Morocco, and as such is superior e'en to the Sultan him.self. The town is outside of the jurisdiction of the Sultan and is regarded as an asylum by fugitives from justice. Under jMuley Abd is-Salem (d.l802), who was married to an English woman, the office of the sherif lost somewhat in importance. The inhabitants of Wazan, estimated at 10,000, are mostly de- scendants of the sherifs. WAZIKISTAN, wa-ze're-stiin'. A mountain- ous region in the northwestern part of India, bordering upon Afghanistan and included in the territory between the Gomul and Tochi rivers, now forming part of the Northwest Frontier Province. It is well watered and the higher al- titudes abound in picturesque scenery and have a healthful climate. Iron-mining and the breeding of horses and donkeys are the principal indus- tries. Its isolated situation renders Waziristan practically independent, although in 1897. as a result of deju-edations committed by the inhabit- ants, a British force took possession of the Tochi Valley. The chief town is Kanigoram. WEA (abbreviated from Wau-iatenong. refer- ring to a settlement near an eddy in a stream). A subtribe of the Miami fq.v.). At the begin- ning of the nineteenth century they were resi- dent upon the I'pper Waliash 'River, with their principal village, known to the French as Quia- tenon. just below the mouth of Wea Creek, be-