Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 20.djvu/451

WAXWING. sects too. They breed late in the siimmer, and build a hulUy iiest of f;rass, bark, rootlets, and the lil<e, in xvhieh tlic female deposits 3 to 5 eggs, ]iale liluisli gray, s|iotle(l with l)hick. Tlic tliird species of waxwing is a native of Eastern Asia and Japan.

WAXWORK (so called from the waxy scar- let aril). Staff Tree, or SiiKriiitY Hittehsweet iCcliixlnis scaii(lcns). An American climbing siirub of the natural order Celastraca'. It nour- ishes in most soils from Canada to South Caro- lina, and west to South Dakota and New Mexico, clindiing upon rocks and trees to a height of 20 feet or more. When the globular, rich orange fruits open they expose beautiful crimson berries. The fibre of the bark has been shown experi- mentally to be valuable, but little if any use is made of it. Veliistnis articulo.ttts or Velastrus orbiculalus, a native of China and Japan, which is somewhat cultivated, ditl'ers mainly in the shape of the leaves. WAXY (or AMYLOID) DEGENERATION. A morbid process in which the healthy tissue of various organs is replaced by a nitrogenous sub- stance, reseudding in some respects amyloid com- pounds. Organs affected by this degeneration have a certain resemblance in consistency and physical character to wax. They are abnorniall.v translucent, increased in volume, solidity, and weight. Usually, the first parts afTected are the small blood-vessels, the intima and media being first changed. Subsequently, adjacent connective tissues become similarly affected. When a solu- tion of iodine is brought in contact with such tissues, a mahogany-brown color is produced; and this color is a sufficiently characteristic test. Iodine and sulphuric acid yield a blue color. Al- though amyloid degeneration is common to many tissues and organs, the parts most frequently aflfeeted are the spleen, liver, and kidneys. The heart muscles, the supra-renal capsules, the lym- phatic glands, and the intestinal mucous mem- brane may also be involved. The causes of waxy degeneration are chronic suppuration, especially of bone, as well as syphilis, tubercle, cancer, and probably gout. It is uncertain whether any symptoms are referable to this degeneration, as it is associated with wasting diseases. If the degeneration occurs in the intestines, chronic diarrhoea results. There is no remedy for the degeneration.

WAY (AS. weg, Goth, tcifls, OHG. wee, Ger. Weg, way ; connected with Lat. via, road, Gk. 8;fos, ochos, carriage, Lith. weza, track of a cart, Skt. saha, road, from vali, to carry, convey). In law, an easement or right in a person to pass over the land of another. The term is also em- ployed to denote a path or road over which a riglit of way may be exercised. Where the right of way can be used only by one person, or a limited number of individuals, it is considered private. WHierc it may be used by all persons in common it is public. ' Twenty years' open and adverse exercise of a right of way makes it a permanent easement l)y prescription. A 'way by necessity' arises where a person sells to another a portion of his land, to which there is no road or way leading to a public highway, or which is so located as to cut off access from the remainder of the vendor's land to the highway. The person whose land is thus cut off from access to a public highway may pass over the vendor's or pur- chaser's land, as the case may be, b.v the most convenient and direct route to the nearest high- way, having due regard for the best interests of the person over whose land he passes. A way may consist merely of the right to jiass over a narrow path on foot, or on horsel)ack, or may extend to the use of vehicles of any description. The latter class of ways is the most common in the United States. A private way may be dedi- cated to the public, but a mere license to the public to pass over a way will not destroy its private character. See E.sement.

WAY, S. (1847—). An English translator, born at Dorking. He was educated at Kingsuood School, Bath, and at Queen's College, Melbourne (Australia), where he was afterwards fellow. In 1870-76 he was a lecturer at Queen's College, Taunton, in 1876-81 vice-master of Kingswood School. Bath, and from 1882 to 1892 head master of Wesley College, Melbourne. He published verse translations of the Odyssey (1880), of the Iliad (1880-89). of Euripides (1804-08), and of the Epodes of Horace (1898). They are among the most skillful examples of translation from the classics to be found in English. He also published in 1901 Apollomus Rhodius' Tale of the Argnnauls and Letters of Saint Paul to Seven Churches and Three Friends.

WAY BILL. See Railways.

WAY'CROSS. The county -seat of Ware County, Ga., 90 miles southwest of Savannah; on the Atlantic Coast Line, the Savannah, Flor- ida and Western, and the Waycross Air Line railroads (Map: Georgia, D 4). It is in a farming section producing cotton and sugar cane; but its business interests are centred chiefly in lumber and naval stores. Extensive car works have recently been established here. The gov- ernment is vested in a ma3'or, chosen annually, and a unicameral council. The water-works are owned and operated bv the mimicipalitv. Popu- lation, in 1890. 3304;' in 1900, 5910.

WAY'LAND, Francis (1790-180.5). An American educator, born in New York City. He graduated at Union College in 1813, studied medicine for three years, and in 1810 entered Andover Theological Seminary. Before grad- uating he left to become a tutor at Union Col- lege, where he remained four years. In 1821 he accepted a call to the pulpit of the First Baptist Church in Boston, where he became known as a preacher of great ability and energy. After a year's professorship at Union College in 1820- 27 he left in February of the latter year to ac- cept the presidency of Brown University at Prov- idence. The twenty-eight years (1827-18.5.5) dur- ing which he remained at the head of this in- stitution saw its rapid development and change from a narrow sectarian college to a modern col- lege on more liberal lines. These reforms marked Dr. Wayland, although a conservative in most matters, as a leader in educational reform. He himself delivered lectures in psychology, political economy, and ethics. Retiring from the presi- dency of the university in 1855. he served for some time as pastor of the First Baptist Church, Providence, and devoted himself to prison re- form and other movements of a similar nature. His published works include, in addition to nu- merous individual sermons and addresses: Occa-