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* WATTS. 371 WATTS-DUNTON. No other has depicted so many disiinf;uislifd conti'iiiporarips. His sitters include Gladstone, the Dulce of Devonshire, Lord Salishury, and John Burns ainonf; public men; Tennyson, Browning, Swinburne, Matthew Arnold, and William Morris among poets; John Stiuirt Mill, Carlyle, and Meredith among prose-writers; himself (many times). Lord Leighton, Rossetti, and Burnc-Jones among painters; and foreign celebrities like Garibaldi, Thiers, Guizot, and Jerome Bonaparte. In his few works of sculpture Watts stands unsurpassed among modern Knglishmen in bold- ness and breadth of troMtment, and in nobility of style. Such works are: the bust of "C'lytie;" "Bishop Lonsdale," in Lichfield Cathedral; "Lord Lothian," in Bickling Church; "Hugo Lupus," a large bronze equestrian statue at Eaton Hall; "Physical Energy" (1902), symbol- izing the character of Cecil Kluides, a replica of wliieh is destined for the Jlatto])po Hills, in Soutli Africa; and Lord Tennyson (1902), for Lincoln's Inn. Consult: Cartwright, Art Journal (extra number, 189G) ; Monkhouse, Brilish Con- iemporurij Artists (London, 1889); and Bate- man, a. F. ^rcltts, r. a. (ib., laoi). WATTS, Henry (181.5-S4). An English chem- ist, born in London. He was educated at Uni- versity College, London, and was for j-ears assist- ant in chemistrj' there. His writings on chem- istry are numerous and very extensive. He translated from the German Gmelin's volumi- nous nandl)ook of Chcmistrj/, edited Fownes's Moiuiul of Chemistri/, and was for many years editor of the Journal of the Chemical Society. He is best known for his excellent and compre- hensive Dictionary of Chemistry, of which a new edition in four volumes, thoroughly revised by Muir and Morley, appeared in 1888-9-1. WATTS, Isaac (1C74-1748). An English Independent minister and hymn-writer. He was born on July 17, 1074, at Southampton; was edu- cated at the grammar school of his native place, and was sent in 1090 to an academy in London. In the same year he became tutor in the family of Sir John Hartopp, at Stoke-Xewington, with whom he remained five years. During the latter part of this time he officiated as assistant to Rev. Dr. Chauncey. minister of the Independent Church in Mark Lane, to whose post he suc- ceeded in 1702. His health was infirm; and in 1712 he was prostrated by an illness so violent that he never thoroughly recovered from its effects. A visit which he paid in 1712 to Sir Thomas Abney, at Theobalds, for change of air, resulted in his domestication in the establish- ment till his death, on November 25, 1748. In theology he was ])ractically an Arian and de- fended Arian doctrines. He was a popular writer and his theological works were numerous. His Catechism (1730) and The Improvement of the Mind (1741) are still remembered, and his treatise on Loyic (172.5) had in its day a con- siderable reputation. But it is his fame as a hymn-writer upon which his permanent reputa- tion rests. His poetical works are : Horw Lyrical (1700); Hymns and Spiritual Songs (1707) : Psalms of Daind in the Langnafje of the Xew Testament (1719); and Divine and Moral Songs for Children (1720). A complete collec- tion of his works by Jennings and Doddridge in six volumes was published at London in 1753; with memoir by Burder, 1810. There is a more ri'cent Life by E. i'axton Hood (London, 1376). WATTS, RoiiERT (1820-95). An Irish Pres- byterian minister, born at Moneylane, County Down, and educated at the Royal Academical In- stitute, Belfast, at Washington College, Lexing- ton, Va., and .at Princeton, N. J. He fcmnded at Philadelphia in 18.52 a Presbyterian mission which was organized under his pastorate as the West- minster Church in 1856. In 1803 he accepted a call to the Lower Gloucester Street Church, Dublin. He became professor of systematic the- ology in the Assembly's College, Belfast, in 1866. Watts was a strong conservative in theology, and was especially oppo.sed to the inlluence of Gernum exegesis. He published: Calvin and Calvinism (1866); Vtilitarianism (1868); What Is Presbyterianismt (1870); Arniinian Departures from Reformation Principles (1871) ; Dr. Briyys's Theology Traced to Its Organific Principle (1891); and Driver's Introduction Ilnnnimd (1892). WATTS, Thomas Hill (1819-92). An Ameri- can lawyer and political leader, born in Butler County, Ala. He graduated at the University of Virginia in 1840, and in the following ye;u' w'as admitted to the bar at Greenville. In politics he was a strong Henry Clay Whig, and as sieh was elected from Greenville to the State Legislature in 1842, 1844, and 1845. In 1847 he settled in Montgomery, which he represented several terms in both Houses of the Legislature. As the Civil War approached, he exerted himself continually to keep his State in the L'nion, but after it had seceded supported the Confederacy. For a time in 1861-62 he served in the field as colonel of the Seventsenth Alabama Infantry, but in April, 1862, entered the Cabinet of .Jefferson Davis as Attorney-General. From the fall of 1863 until the end of the war he was Ciovernor of Alabama. After the war he devoted himself to his law prac- tice, and save for a single term in the State Legislature in 1880-81 never held public office. WATTS-DUN'TON, Theodore (1836—). An English poet and critic. He was born at Saint Ives, in Huntingdonshire, and was privately edu- cated in Cambridge, being first trained for a naturalist. He afterwards studied law, and was called to the bar in 1803. His sonnets attracted the attention of Rossetti, under whose influence he studied art in Itah'. Returning to England, he joined the staflfs of the Examiner (1874) and the Athenccum (1875), and soon became one of the most influential literary and art critics of the day. He was among the later friends of Rossetti, whom he has depicted as D'Arcy in the beautiful romance of Aybvin (1898; privately printed 1883). As a poet he displays rare power of thought and execution, particularly in the sonnets. Perhaps the best-known are "Natura Maligna" and "Natura Benigna," "The Sonnet's Voice." and "Dickens Returns on Christmas Day." Other writings include: .Jubilee Greeting at Spithead to the Hen of Greater Britain, and Other Poems (1897); The Coming of Love: Rhona Bosu'ell's Story (1897): The Christmas Dream, a dramatic idyl (1901): and The Ren-' aissanee of Wonder: A Treatise on the Romantie Movement (1902). Consult Milea, The Poets and thr Poetry of the Century, vol. iv. (London, 1891).