Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 20.djvu/441

* WATT. 369 WATTERSON. ■ciety of London in ITSf); anil in 1808 a corre- spondinj; nieniljer, anil afterwards a foreijin mem- ber of the Institute of 1'" ranee. The University of Glasgow conferred on liim the decree of LL.D. in 180(!. A statue, the funds for whieh had l)een raised by puhlic sul)scription. was erected at Birmingham, while a national monument was placed in Westminster Al)bey. on which an a])- propriate inscription written by Lord IJerryham was inscribed. Bn!Lio(jR.pny. Smiles, Live.i of Jlimlton and ^yatt (London. 18G.5) ; Muirhead. Orujin and Progress of the Mechanical Inventions of James Watt (London, 1854); id., Life of Matt (ib., 1858) ; Thurston, The Growth of the Steam En- gine (New York, 1879). "WATT, Robert (1774-1810). A Scotch bibli- ographer and physician, born near Stewarton, Ayrshire. From 170.1 to 1707 he studied for the ministry at (ilasgow. but afterwards studied medicine at Edinburgh and practiced in Paisley and Glasgow. In 1811 he removed to Glasgow and lectured there very successfully, afterwards becoming physician to the Glasgow Infirmary and president of the faculty of physicians and surgeons. His writings include the valuable Bibliotheca Britannica, postliumously published (1819-24) by his sons, who had aided him in the work. WATTEATJ, va'tf)', Antoine ( 1684-1721 ) . A cclebrati-d French genre i>ainter, tlic most original talent of the French school in the eighteenth cen- tury, the painter par excellence of the 'fetes galantes.' He was born at Valenciennes, October 10, 1084, the son of a roof-slater, and was first Instructed there by Jacques Albert G^rin. He then made his way to Paris, where, after much painting of a commercial character, he entered the school of Claude Gillot, at that time the most reputed designer of ornaments. He afterwards became an assistant to Claude Audran, custodian of the Luxembourg, where, besides acquiring the delicate technique of the prevailing decorative panel painting, Wat- teau was afforded the opportunity of studj-ing the great allegories of Rubens, thereby greatly improving his coloring. Anxious to visit Italy, he competed for the Prix de Rome in 1709, but obtained only the second prize. He then re- solved to petition for a special royal stipend, and hung two pictures in a passageway of the Academy, where they were seen by La Fosse, the director, who induced the young master to stand for the reception into the Academy (1712). His presentation picture, which, however, he did not produce until five years later, was the famous "Embarkation for ithe Isle of Cythera" (1717, Louvre), a replica of which, richer in detail and more harmonious on the whole, is in the Royal Palace at Berlin. Of the master's few works approaching in excellence this his chief production, the most noteworthy is "Les plaisirs du bal" (Dulwich Gallery, England), a replica of which is in the new royal palace near Potsdam. Afflicted with pulmonary consumption, this ingenious delineator of gay festivals was of a melancholy and restless disjiosition. He died at Nogent-Sur-Marne, July 21, 1721. His last im- portant work was the famous sign for Gersaint's art store, now in the Royal Palace, Berlin. Next to the Louvre, the La Caze collection of which contains "Gilles," "L'lndilb'rent," "The Cunning Woman," "Assembly in a Park," and five others, Watteau may be best studied in Berlin and Potsdam. In the Berlin Museum may be seen "Love in Frencli Comedy." "Love in Italian Comedy," and "The Collatiim." while nineteen examples arc in the various royal palaces, no- tably "The Village Bride" (c.l715), at Sans Souci, with more tlian one hundred figures. The Dresden Gallery contains "Company on a Lawn" and "Conversation on a Terrace," while in Lon- don are preserved a "Concert Cliampetre" and "Lovers Surprised," in Buckingham Palace, and "Village FOte," "Rendezvous," "Music Lesson," and others in Sir Bichard Wallace's collection. The engravings from Watteau's works comprise more than five hundred and sixty plates, includ- ing many by famous masters. For his biograpliy, consult: C(dlicr ('aleneiennes, 1807), Dohme. in Kunst und h'iinstler, iii. (Leipzig, 1880), Vol- behr (Hamburg, 1885), Hannover (Berlin, 1889), Dargenty (Paris. 1801), Mantz (ib., 1892), Rosenberg (Bielefeld, 1890). and Staley (London, 190.3). Consult also: Goncourt. Cata- lofiue raisonnd de I'wuvre d'Antoine Watteau (Paris, 1875); id.. L'art du XVIII. siccic (ib., 1883) ; and Pater, "A Prince of Court Painters." a luminous and sympathetic study, in Imayinary Portraits (London, 1887). WATTENBACH, viit'en-b;'io. Wiliielm (1810- 97). A German historian and paleographer. He was born at Rantzau. in Holstein, and studied in 1837-42 at the LTniversities of Bonn, Gottingen. and Berlin. In 1862 he was called to the Uni- versity of Heidelberg as professor of history, and in 1873 to Berlin. Wattcnbach's works were all solid contributions to the science of history. The following are the most important: Beitriiga zur (leschichte dcr christlichen Kirche in Biihmen (1849); Dentschlands Geschichtsquellen ini MU- tclalter (1859); Anleitung znr griechischen Pa- liiographie (1867): Anleitung zur lateinischcn PaViographie (1869) ; Das Sehriftiresen im Mit- felaller (1871) : and Geschichte des riiniischen Pap.^ftums (1876). He directed the IfoHiniicn^a Gvrmania' Historica after 1872. WATTENSCHEID, viit'en-shit. A town of the District of Arnsberg, Prussia, four miles west of Boehum. Population, in 1895, 15,353; in 1900, 20.295. WAT'TEKS, William (1751-1827). A:leth- odist Episcopal minister. He was born in Balti- more County. Md.. entered the Philadel))hia Con- ference, 1773, and labored in Virginia, Mary- land, and the District of Columbia. He bore the distinction of being the first American-born Methodist minister. Owing to ill health, his labor was somewhat intermittent, but uniformly successful. He published .4 Short Account of the Christian Experience and Mi'>iisterial Labors of William. Waiters (Alexandria, 1806). Con- sult D. A. Watters. The First American Itiner- ant of Methodism. William Watters (1898). WAT'TERSON, Henby (1840—). An Amer- ican journalist, born in Washington, D. C. He was educated for the most part privately, en- tered journalism in Washington as editorial w-riter for the States and general newspaper worker,, served in the Confederate Army in 1S6I- 62 as private soldier and aide-de-camp succes-