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* WATSON. 367 WATSON. Souls (1896). He has also published on re- ligious themes: The Upper Room (18115) ; The Mind of the Master (18!)(i) ; The Potter's Wheel (18!)7); Cnnipanions of the Horrowfid H'oy (18!)8) ; Doetrines of Grace ( VMM) ; and Tlic Life of the Master (1901). WATSON, .Toim C'rittenuen (1842—). An American naval officer, born in Frankfort, Ky. He was educated at the United States Naval Academy, became a master in the navy in 1861, and served throughout the Civil War, after July, 1802, as a lieutenant, participating in the bombardment of Forts Jacksnn and Saint Pliilip, in the passage of the VicUsburg batteries, and in the battle of Mobile Bay. After the war he was assigned to various routine duties, both on sea and shore, became a cajitain in 1887 and a commodore ten years later, and in the Spanish- American War commanded the l)lockading squad- ron on the North Cuban coast from May to .lune, 1898, when he was made commander-in-chief of the Eastern Squadron, wbicb was to threaten the Spanish coast and thus force the return of the Spanish fleet, under Camara, bound for JIanila, News of the movement having reached Spain, Camara was recalled before Watson could execute his orders, and Watson .subsequently re- sumed charge of the blockade of the northern coast of Cuba. He was then commandant of the Mare Island Navy Yard from October, 1808, to May, 1899, was promoted to the rank of rear- admiral in March, 1899, was commander-in-chief of the naval forces on the Asiatic Station from June. 1899, to April, 1900, and in October, 1900, became president of the Naval Examining Board. WATSON, MrsGR-w-E Lewtiiwaite( 1804-47). An English sculptor, born near Carlisle and edu- cated at Raughton School. Upon the death of his father in 1823 he w^ent to London, where he met Flaxman, through whose influence he en- tered the schools of the Royal Aca<Iemy. He studied in Rome under Cha'ntrey and IBehnes, whom he assisted with his statue of Dr. Babing- ton. His other statues include those of Queen Elizabeth, Flaxman, Cunningham, and Nelson, a statuette of Chaucer, a large group of eleven figures representing Dr. Archibald Cameron tend- ing the wounded on Culloden battlefield, and a terra-cotta alta-relievo called "Little Children Come Unto Me." WATSON, EiCHARD (1737-1816). Bishop of Llandafl. He was born at Heversham. Westmore- land. England: graduated at Trinity College, Cambridge, 1759; obtained a fellowship, 1760; was appointed professor of chemistry, 1764; re- gius professor of divinity, Cambridge, and rector of Somer.sham, 1771 ; Archdeacon of Ely, 1779; and Bishop of Llandaff. 1782. He was a brilliant and versatile man, noted for his ability to under- take almost any subject. He is now chiefly re- membered for his Apolutiy for Christiavit;/. in a Series of Letters, addressed to Edirard (libhoyi, Esq. (1776) ; and his Apolofi;/ for the Bihle, in a series of Letters, addres.<ird to Thomas Paine (1796). His autobiography, edited by his son, appeared at London in 1817. WATSON, Ricn.RD (1781-1833). A Wes- leyan theologian. He was born at Barton-upon- Humber, England: was apprenticed at the age of fourteen to a carpenter: joined the Jletlio- dists, 1796; and became a member of the Confer- ence, 1800. He joined the Methodist new con- nection (1803), returned to the regular Wesleyan connection, and edited the Liverpool Courier, ( 1808 ) ; was one of the secretaries of the mission- ary society in London (1816) ; and was elected president of the Conference in 1820. He pub- lished: .1 Defense of the Methodist Missions in the West Indies (1817) ; IlemarLs on the Eternal Sonship of Clirist (against Adam Clarke, 1818) ; Tluolonical Institutes (1823-2!!; new ed. 1877, one of the standiird works in Wesleyan divinitv) ; Biblical and Theological Dictionary (1831)'; and Life of Rev. John Wesley (1831). His works were edited with a Life by Thomas Jackson (12 vols., London, 1834-37; new ed., 13 vols., 1847). WATSON,. Robert Spence (1837—). An English economist and solicitor. He was born at Gateshead and was educated at the Friends' School, York, and University College, London. From 1890 to 1902 he was president of the National Liberal Federation. Although bis writings and public activities cover a wide field, he is best known from bis work as an economist. His publications include: History of Eiifllish. Rule and Policy in Houth Africa ( 187!)) ; Irish Land Laip Reform (1881) ; Boards of Con- ciliation and Arbitration (1886); The Proper Limits of Obedience to the Law (1887) ; The Peaceable Settlement of Labor Disputes (1889) ; Labor, Past, Present, and Future (1889) ; and The Recent History of Industrial Progress (1801 ). WATSON, Sereno (1826-92). An American botanist, born at East Windsor Hill, Conn., and educated at Yale and the medical department of the University of New York. In 186S and 1869 he was botanist to the geological explora- tion on the 40th parallel under Clarence King. After Dr. Asa Gray's death in 1888. he was made curator of the Gray Herbarium at Harvard. The greater part of the botanical work of the geolog- ical surveys west of the 100th meridian was given to him by Professor Ferdinand V. Hayden. He was a fellow of the National Academy of Science. He wrote Botany of California (with Professor Gray and W. H. Brewer, 1876) ; Bibliographical Index to Xorth American Botany (1878) ; Con- tributions to American Botany '(1873-91); and with ,T. M. Coulter revised and extended Gray's Manual of Botany (1890). WATSON, Thomas (1557-92). An Engli.sh poet, born probably in London. He studied at Oxford, but left without a degree and nominally took up law in London. In 1581 he visited Paris, where he made the acquaintance of Sir Francis Walsingham, one of his future patrons. Watson's most interesting verse is contained in the Pa.%sionate Century of Love (1582) and the Tears of Fancy (posthumous, 1593), two collec- tions of sonnets taken largely from the French and the Italian, The themes of several of these sonnets seem to have been worked over by Shakespeare in his more famous sonnets, Wat- son was among the best Latinists of bis time. He translated into Latin the Antigone of Sophocles (1581) and Tasso's .A.minta (1585), and composed original Latin verse, much of which has never been published. For his Eng- lish poems, consult Arlier, English Reprints (Lon- don, 1870; reissue, 1895).