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* WATLING STEEET. 366 WATSON. a branch proceeded north by Manchester, Lan- caster, and Kendal, into Scotland. Traces of the ancient road exist and in some parts of its course it is still an important highway. It forms tlie boundary between Warwickshire and Leicestershire. The origin of the name is un- certain; the original name was probably titnitiim T^itellianum. WAT'SON, Henbt Breretox Marriott (18G3 — ). An English novelist, born at Caulfield, a suburb of Jlelbourne, Australia, where his father was then settled as a clergyman. He was edu- cated at Canterbury College in Christchurch. New Zealand, went to England in 1S85, and soon became a journalist. He is known through his contributions to The National Observer and as assistant editor of Black and White and of the Pall Mall Gazette. The type of novel he mostly follows is a cross between the story of exciting adventure and the very modern psycho- logical romance. Some of his short stories are excellent. His novels comprise mainly ilarahuna (1888); Lady Faintheart (1890); The Web of the Spider, a tale of adventure among the Maoris (1891); Dioqenes of London (ISO.")); Galloping Dick, consisting of six autobiograph- ical stories of Dick Ryder's adventures on the road in the time of Charles the Second (1895) ; At the First Corner, a collection of sliort stories (1S9G) ; The Heart of Miranda, and Other Stories, dealing with modern life (1808); The ..■l(?ce/i/»)fcs, a taleof treasui-e-trove on the Welsh border in the year 188— (1898) ; The Princess Xenia (1899) ;' Chloris of the Island, a story of smuggling on the Dorsetshire coast (1900) ; The Rebel, an historical romance of the tiine of Charles the Second (1900) ; The Skirts of Happy Chance, the fantastic adventures of a ymmg man of wealth and high birth (1901); The House Divided, dealing with English life in the time of George the Second (lOCl) ; and Godfrey M( ri- val. Brinfi a Portion of His History (1902). — His ■wife, RosAMi-ND (1863 — ), a daughter of Ben- jamin Williams Ball, was born in London. She became favorably known for much miscellaneous writing, as The' Art of the House (1890), and for several volumes of graceful verse, as The Bird-Bride, and Other Poems (1889) ; A Summef Night, and Other Poems (1891); After Sunset (189.T); and Vespertilia, and Other Poems (1895). Consult Archer. Poets of the Younger Generation (London,' 1902). WATSON, Henry CooD (181C-75). An Eng- lis.h-.iiKrioan composer, nnisical critic and writer, liorn in London. When but a child he showeil remarkable musical talent, and in 1829 appeared at the Covent Garden Tlieatre in Wel)i'i-'s Oberon. In 1840 he Avcnt to New York, and in 1845. with Poe and Charles F. Briggs. he founded the Broadway Journal, which proved a failure financially, though it was ably con- ducted. He was one of the founders of the Phil- harmonic Society of New Yorlc, and had a cliief share in organizing the celebrated Castle Garden Mendelssohn concert. In 1855 he founded The Musical (lucst, and published many of his own compositions in its columns. Later he was editor- in-cliief of Frank Leslie's Illustrated Neuspaper ; in IH(i2 started the Art Journal, and for the last twelve years of his life was the musical critic of the New York Tribune. He wrote several liln-etti, among them that for Wallace's Turline (1860). WATSON, Hewett CoTTRELL (1804-81). An English botanist, born at Firbeck, and educated at the University of Edinhurgh. In 1831 he was elected senior president of the Royal Medical Society of Edinburgh. He went with a survey to the Azore-s, where he spent three months collect- ing specimens, several of which were entirely new in the British Gardens. His writings in- clude Outlines of the Geographical Distribution of British Plants (1832), The New Botanist's Guide to the Localities of the Rarer Plants of Great Britain (1835). The London Catalogue of British Plants (6th ed. 1807). and Cybele Bri- lanniea, or British Plants and Their Geographical Relations (1847-60). WATSON, James Craig (1838-80). An Amer- ican astronomer, born in Ontario, Canada, of American parents. He graduated at the Univer- sity of Michigan, 1857, and was for some time instructor there in mathematics and assistant at the observatory. He became professor of astronomy in the same institution in 1850, of physics and mathematics in 18G0, and director of the observatory in 1863. He discovered many planetoids (q.v. ), and was at the head of the American expedition which observed the tran- sit of Venus at Peking, China, 1874. He pre- pared many astronomical charts, but his prin- cipal work was his Theoretical Astronomy. This is now a classic treatise on the theory of the motions of comets and planets. Watson left a large sum of money to the National Academy of Sciences (the Watsnn Fund), the interest of which is used to further astronomical research. WATSON, John (1847—). An English phi- losopher. He was .born at Glasgow- and gradu- ated at Glasgow University in 1872. In the same year he was appointed professor of mental and moral philosophy at Queen's University, Kings- Ion. Canada. Aside from numerous papers in philosophical journals, his publications include: Kant and Hi's English Crilies (1881): Schel- ling's Transcendental Idealism (1882) ; The Phi- losoyhy of Kant as Contained in Extracts from His Own Writings (1888): Comte. Mill, and Spencer (1895) : and .-In Outline of Philosophy (1898). WATSON, John (18.50—). An Enslish Presbyterian clergyman and author, popularly known by his pseudonym, Ian Maclaren. He was born of Scotch parents at ^tanningtree, Essex, and studied at Edinburgh University. New College, Edinburgh, and Tiiliingcn. He was licen.sed by the Free Church of Scotland in 1874 and Iiecai'ne assistant at the Barclay Chnrcli, Edinl)urgh. The following year he was ordained minister of the Free Clmreli at Logicalmond, rerthsliire. In 1877 he went to Free Saint Mat- thew's. Glasgow, and in 1880 to Sefton Park Presbyterian Church. Liveriiool. He became widely known by his very successful book of stories descriptive of Scotch life and character, Beside the Bonnie Brier Bu.<<h (1894), which was followed by The I)ays of Auld Lang Syne (1895). Kale Carneaie (1896), .4. Doctor of the Old School (1897). .fterH-ards (1898), and Rabbi Saunderson (1S9S). In 1896 Watson gave the Lyman Beecher lectures liefore tlie Yale Divin- ity School, published under the title The Cure of