Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 20.djvu/364

* WARWICK. 306 WARWICK. southeast of Birmingham (Map: England, E 4). The most notable edifice is Warwick Castle, the principal residence of the earls of Warwick, beau- tifully situated on a rockj- elevation 40 feet high, on the banks of the Avon. Of this edifice. Guy's Tower, 128 feet high, was built in 139-i; and CiEsar's Tower, 147 feet high, is still more an- cient. Warwick Castle possesses a valuable col- lection of paintings, armor, and other relics. There are a free library and a museum. The town has a general and agricultural trade. There are iron works and manufactures of gelatin. Originally a British settlement, Warwick was occupied by the Romans. It was destroyed by the Danes. William the Conqueror's presence is recorded in Warwick, where he erected strong fortifications, and the earls of Warwick are famous in British history. Population, in 1001, 11,889. Consult Cooke. Historical Guide to War- wick- Custle (Warwick, 1859). WARWICK, war'wick. A town including several villages, in Kent County, R. I., five miles south of Providence; on the Narragansett and Cowesett bays, the Pawtuxet and Providence rivers, and on t!ie New York. Xew Haven and Hartford Railroad (Map: Rhode Island, C .3). It is important as an industrial centre, being especially known for the manufacture of cotton goods. There are also foundries and machine shops. In the census year 1900 the various manufacturing establishments had $8,418,333 capital and an output valued at $(i.l07.50. Population, in 1890. 17.761; in 1000, 21.316. Warwick, founded in 1642 by a small company headed by Samuel (Jorton (q.v. ), was called Shawomct until 1648. when its present name was adopted in honor of the Earl of Warwick. Mas- sachusetts at first claimed jurisdiction, and in 1643 almost completely destroyed the settlement. In 1070 Warwick sufl'ered severely from an In- dian attack. It was the birthplace and early home of Gen. Nathanael Greene. Consult Fuller, The History of Waricick (Providence, 1875). WARWICK, wor'ik, Guy of. A hero of ro- mance who is supposed to have lived in the tenth century and to have been the ancestor of the carls of Warwick. He was especially renowned for his victory over the Danish giant Colbrand. He is mentioned by Chamber, Shakespeare, and some historians of the fifteenth century. Nothing is known definitely about such a person, and the earliest mention of liini seems to have l)een in the Anglo-Norman poems of the twelfth century. The extant English version belongs to the four- teenth century. Consult (luy of Wdririck, ed. by Zupitza for the Early English Text Society (Lon- don, 1875-70). WARWICK, .ToiiN Dudley, Earl of. An English statesman. See Dudley, John. WARWICK, Richard de Beauciiamp. Earl of (i:!82-1430). An English soldier. He suc- ceeded to the title in 1401, and participated in the war with Owen Glendower and the Percys, and was at the battle of .Shrewsbury (1403). In 1408 he set out on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land, and, after traveling widely, returned to England in 1410. In 1413 he went to France as a com- missioner to treat for peace, and the next year attended the Council of Cnnstanee. In 1414 he was put in eommjind of Cnliiis. He was maile Earl of Aumarle about 1410. .After the death of Henry V. Warwick was in charge of the educa tion of Henry VI. ( q.v. ). He was employed in many difficult matters, and finally in 1437 he was appointed lieutenant to rule Finance and Nor- mandy; this office he held until his death, April 30, 1439. WARWICK, Richard Neville. Earl of, popularly named The King-Maker (1428-71). A celebrated English warrior and statesman. He was born on November 22. 1428, the eldest son of Rich- ard, Earl of Salisbury, and Alice, daughter and heiress of Thomas Montacute. He became the most powerful nobleman in the kingdom, by his marriage with Anne, daughter and heiress of Rich- ard de Beauchanip, Earl of Warwick, and not only acquired by this alliance the lands of the War- wick family, but was created Earl of Warwick, with succession to the heirs of his wife. He is the most prominent figure in the Wars of the Roses (q.v.). Until 1453 Warwick remained neutral, but after that he was associated with Richard, Duke of York. The first battle, at Saint Albans, between the Yorkists and the Lancastrians in 1455 was won mainly by Warwick's impetuous onset. He was rewaided with the governorship of Calais. In 1457 he obtained conunand of the fleet for three years. In 1458, with five large and seven small vessels, he attacked a fleet of 28 ships, 16 of which belonged to the King of Cas- tile. After a battle of six hours he withdrew, having captured six of the enemy's vessels. A little later, in spite of the truce with Liibeck, he seized a fleet bound thither. Upon the renewal of the civil strife in 1460 Warwick landed in Kent at the head of his Calais troops, and entered Lon- don amid the acclamations of the people. He de- feated Queen Margaret's army, near Northampton (1400), with great slaughter, and obtained pos- session of the person of the King. The Duke of York now advanced his claim to the throne. Queen ilargaret raised an army to rescue the King; and the Duke committed the monarch to the custod,v of Warwick, while he marched against the Lancastrians. In the battle of Wake- fitld, fought on December 31. 1400. the Yorkists were overthrown by the army of Queen Margaret. The Duke w'as taken ]u'isoner and put to death, and Warwick's father, the f^arl of Salisbury, with twelve other Yorkist chiefs, was beheaded at Pontefract. The second battle of Saint Al- bans was won by the Lancastrians (1401), but Edward. Earl of March, now Duke of York, ac- companied by Warwick, marched boldly upon London, which was thoroughly Yorkist, and ImI- ward was pi-oidaimed King as Edward IV. The Lancastrians sull'ered a great defeat at Towton, and Edward, returnin.s to London in triumph, was crowned .Tune 22, 1401. Warwick now had his first misunderstanding with King Edward. He had been authorized to negoti;ite with Louis XI. of France for the niarriiige of his sistcrin- law. the Princess Bona of Siivoy. to King I'M- ward. and wns indignant at the King's sudden marriage with Elizabeth Woodville. He was now at the height of his power. To the earl- doms of Warwick and Salisbury, with the estates of the Dcspensers. he ndilcd the offices of higli niliiiiriil and great chnmberhiin. together with the Inrd-lieutenaney of Ireland and the government of Calais. Hut he was losing power in the Kind's council and the relatives of the (Jiiecn were be- coming more prominent. After having been sent