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* WARREN. 301 WARREN. Lloyd, and became a physician in Boston in 1704. In the oiU'ly disputes Ijotwccn the colonists and the British Government lie fissoci:ited liiiiiself with iSanuicl Adams and other ardent Whi^s, and was tlie orator at the second anniversary of the Boston Jlassacre, March .5, 1772. ]n 1772 lie became a niendicr of the Committee of Corre- spondence, and throughout the years immediate- ly preeedinj; the Revolution he was a frequent c(iiitriliMt(ir to the jiatrint i)ress. He drafted the extreme hut influential 'Sulfollc Resolves,' adopted in Scptendjcr, 1774, by a convention of SuH'olk County, and forniinj» the most radical statement of the American position which had up to that time been nuule. Xot only did he serve on many important local committees, but he was also a member of the Provincial Congress of Massachu- setts, and in April, 1775, was elected president pro tern: of that body. In JIarch of that year he was again the orator at the anniversary of the Boston Massacre, refusing to he intimidated by the threats of British officers. He had much to do with the success at Lexington on April 19th, and in .Tune was commissioned major- general. He opposed the occupation of Charles- town Heights, advocated by Putnam and Pres- cott, tliinking the American supply of amnnuii- tion too small. Overruled by a majority of the council, wdiich resolved to fortify Bunker Hill, he went there as a volunteer, refusing to take the chief command, ofl'ered him by both Presiott and Putnam. During the battle of .Jime 17th he was instantly killed. Consult Frothingham, Life and Times of Joseph Wdrren (Boston, 180;")). WARREN, Lavinia ( 1841 -e. 1888) . An American dwarf, exhibited by the showman, P. T. Barnum, born at Middleboro, Mass. She was descended from a French family named Bon- passe. Lender Barnum's management her name was changed from Mercy Lavinia Bumpus. On February 10, 18113, she was married in Grace Church, New York City, to Charles S. Stratton (q.v.), or 'Tom Thumb,' her sister, Jlinnie War- ren, and 'Commodore Nutt,' two other dwarfs, acting as bridesmaid and groomsman. Her height w'as considerably less than two feet. She traveled and was exhibited in Europe with her husband, and they accumulated a considerable fortune. One child sprang from their union, but died in early infancy. Two years after her hus- band's death, which occurred in 1S8.3, she mar- ried Count Primo Magri, an Italian dw'arf. WARREN, Leo. A pseudonym of the Ger- man novelist Oskar Meding (q.v.). WARREN, Mercy (1728-1814). An Ameri- can dramatist, poet, satirist, and historian, born at Barnstable, Mass. She was a sister of the patriot orator .Tames Otis, and wife of the Revo- lutionary leader James Warren. Slie was one of the most brilliant women of her time, and her intellectual versatility was prized alike by Thomas Jefferson and John Adams. Abigail, wife of John Adams, was her intimate friend through life. Her first dramas. The Adulator (177.3) and The Group (177.i), satirized the Massachusetts Tories. The Hquahhle of the S^ea 'Nymphs (177.5) was a comic epic on the Boston Tea Party. More conventional are the tragedies Saek of Rome and The Ladies of Castile, which may be found in her Poems, Dramatic and Mis- cellaneous (1700), a volume of extremely slight merit. She wrote also an elaborate and stilted llislarij of the American lierolulion (.3 vols., ISO')), which is important because of her close jiersonal association with many persons involved in it. Consult Elizabeth F. Ellct, Women of the llcL-oUition (185G; reprinted, 2 vols., 1900). WARREN. MiNTON (18r,0— ). A distin- guislu'd American Latin seholar, born in Provi- dence, R. I. He graduated from Tufts C(dlege, Medford, Mass., in 1870, and took his Ph.D. at Strassburg in 1879. He was professor of Latin at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md., until 1899, when he was appointed to a similar position at Harvard University. He was direc- tor of the American School for Classical Studies at Rome, Italy, in 189(J-97. His published work is chielly upon epigraphy and Latin comedy. WARREN, Sir Peter ( 170.3-.'52) . A British naval olliccr, born at Warrenstown, County Meath, Ireland. He entered the navy as a vol- unteer in 1717, and after seeing service in Euro- pean and African waters, was in 1727 appointed captain of the 70-gun .ship Grafton. The follow- ing years he spent mostly in the West Indies and along the coast of North America, and in 1744 he was promoted to the rank of comnioilore. In 174.5. as commander of the fleet which co- operated with the colonial troops, he had an important part in the capture ' of Louisburg, and in addition acquired considerable wealth, his squadron having captured many valuable prizes. Two months later he was promoted to be rear-admiral of the blue, and in 1747, as sec- onil in command under Anson, helped to defeat tlic KrcMcli near Cape Finisterre. WARREN, Samuel (1807-77). A British lawyer and author. He was born in Denbighshire, Wales, and was the son of a clergyman. He studied medicine at Edinburgh, taking the prize in comparative jurisprudence: in 1828 began the study of law at the Inner Temple, London ; practiced as a special pleader (18.31-37) ; and in the latter year was called to the bar; in 1851 was appointed Queen's counsel; was Recorder of Hull (1854-74) ; was member of Parliament for Midhurst (1S50) ; reelected (1857) : and resigned in 1859, having been appointed master in lunacy by Lord Chelmsford. He was a Conservative in politics, a strong supporter of Lord Derby, and in the interests of his party wrote Ten Thousand a Year (1839), a popular novel which first ap- peared in Black'uood's Maf/azine. and has gone through numerous editions and translations. His first work. Passages from the Diary of a Late Physician (1830-31), also went through several European and American editions. He also wrote several valuable legal treatises. A collection of all his writings was issued in five volumes ( 1854- 55). WARREN, Samuel ProwSe (1841—). An American organist, born in Jlontreal, Canada. From 1801 to 1804 he studied at Berlin with Haupt, studied piano under Gustav Schumann, and instrumentation with Wiepreeht. In 1805 he was appointed organist of All Souls' Church in New York and held the position for two years.- Later he became organist at Trinity Church and gave a series of organ recitals while there. After- wards he accepted the position of organist and musical director at Grace Church, and subse- quently occupied a similar position in East