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* WAB COLLEGE. 288 WARD. der the immediate direction of the Secretary of War and the General Staff of the Army. The Kaval War College is located at Newport, R. I. See Naval Schools of Instbuction. WARD. An infant wlio has been legally placed under the care of a guardian, who stands in loco parentis. (See Guardian.) The term ward is also employed to denote a subdivi- sion of a city. It "originated in the idea of . 'warding' or protecting a hundred under the old English law, and w^is formerly applied only to certain districts with reference to police pro- tection. However, to-day most cities are di- vided into wards for many civic purposes, as convenient election districts, police districts, and for convenience in describing the location of property for taxation, etc. WARD, AuoLPHUS William (18.37 — ). An English historian of the English drama, born at Haiupstead, London. He was educated at Peter- house College, Cambridge, of which he was elected fellow in ISGl ; and he also studied in Germany. In 1806 he was appointed professor of history and English literature in Owens College, Man- chester, and from 1870 to 1877 he was its prin- cipal. In 1000 he became master of Peterhouse College. His History of English Dramatic Lit- erature to the Death of Queen Anne (2 vols,, 1875, revised in 1899) is the standard work on this subject. Besides this work and numerous essays and appreciations contributed to reviews, encyclopaedias, biographical dictionaries, and an- thologies, he translated Curtius's History of Greece (5 vols., 1868-7.3) ; wrote for the "English Men of Letters Series" Chaucer (1880) and Dick- ens (1882): and edited Pope's Poelieal H'orA's (18G9), JIarlowe's Doctor Fnustus, and Greene's Friar Bacon (1878 and manv editions), and the Poems of John Byrom (1894-95). In 1897 he published a Life of .S'lV Henry Wotton. and in 1899 (Ireat Britain and Hanover (Ford Lectures at Oxford). WARD, Artemas (1727-1800). An Ameri- can soldier and jurist, born at Shrewsbury, Mass. He graduated at Harvard in 1748, served first as a major and then as a lieutenant -colonel in the French and Indian War, and on May 19, 1775, soon after the outbreak of the Revolution, was appointed to the chief connnand of the Jlassa- chusetts forces. Until the arrival of Washington, he conducted the siege of Boston, and on .lune 17, 1775, was appointed by Congress first major- general in the Continental Army, next in rank to Washington, but ill health forced him to resign at the close of 1770. He liecanie Chief .Justice of the Court of Common Picas at Worcester in 1770; served as president of the Massachusetts Executive Council in 1777: was for sixteen years a member of the Massachusetts Legislature : and was a member of Congress from 1791 to 1795. WARD, .Artemis. The pseudonym of the American humorist Charles Farrar Browne (q.v.). WARD, KnoAR Melville (18.39—). An American genre painter, born in I'rbana, Ohio, He studied at the National .cadeniy of Design in New York City and then in Paris under Cabanel. In 188.3 he became a member of the National Acadoniy, and afterwards was m.ade a ])rofessor in that institution. His ]>;iintings include "Brit- tanv Washwomen" (1870); "The Sabot Maker" (1878); "The Collar Shop" and "The Quilting Party" (1892). WARD, Edward M.^tthew (1810-79). An English historical painter, born at Pimlico. He studied in the schools of the Royal Academy, for nearl}' three years at Rome, and at ilunich under Cornelius. Returning to London in 1839, and exhibiting his "Cimabue and Giotto," he re- ceived immediate recognition. In 1853 he painted eight historical pictures for the corridor of the House of Commons, remarkable as technical ex- periments. Ward was made an Academician in 1855. In 1857 he was commissioned by the Queen to paint "Napoleon III. Invested with the Order of the Garter at Windsor," and the "Visit of Queen Victoria to the Tomb of Napoleon I," The subjects of his paintings were chietly drawn from English and French history, but his repu- tation rests chiefly upon his successful pictures of English social life during the eighteenth cen- tury. His principal paintings include "Doctor Johnson in the Anteroom of Lord Chesterfield" (1845), and the "South Sea Bubble" (1847), both in the National Gallerv. London; and "Charles II. and Nell Gwyn" (1848), in South Kensington Museum. His works are widely known through engravings. WARD, Elizabeth Stuart (Phelps) (1844 — ). An American pliilanthropist and author, born in Andover, Mass. Before her marriage with the Reverend Herbert D. Ward, in 1888, Miss Phelps lived in Andover. where she was widely known for her work in temperance reform and as the writer of many books of a religious, quasi- mystical character, as The dates Ajar (1808). Among her books are: Ellen's Idol ( 1864) : Mercy Gliddon'sWork (1806) : 3lcn. ^^'omcn. and Ghosts (1869) : Hcdqed In (1870) : The Silent Partner (1871): Poetic .Studies (1875): The Story of Avis (1877): An Old Maid's Paradise (1879); i5oc/or Zay (1882); Beyond the Gates (188.3); Songs of the Silent World (1884): Jnck the Fisherman (1887); The Gates Between (1887); The Struggle for Immortality (1889) ; with her husband. Come Forth (1891); A Singular Life (1895): The Story of Jesus Christ (1897); Within, the Gates (1901) ; and some volumes of tales for children. WARD, Frederuk Tow.x.send (1831-02). An American military adventurer, born at Salem, Mass. He was educated at the high school in his native town, became a sailor, fought with the French in the Crimea, and was with Walker in Nicaragua. He tlien became for a time a ship-broker in New York, but went to China during the Taiping Rebellion. Having organized an irregular force of about 100 ilesjicradocs. Ward offered his services to the local Chinese au- thorities, and for a reward of $200,000 recap- tured Sungkiang. and garrisoned it. Having re- ceived a commission from the Chinese, he began drilling natives with foreign adventurers as of- ficers, increased his following to nearly 4000. the nucleus of the force later known under Gcndmi as 'the ever-victorious army." This force was of great assistance to the British and French ad- mirals in protecting Shaigliai, and maintaining a neutr;il belt of 30 mill's around the city. Dur- ing a skirmish near Ningpo Ward was killed: he