Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 20.djvu/333

* WANDERING JEW. 277 WANTAGE. sion of the story, which is prolxUily ultimately Oiiuntal in origin, Christ, while on his way to Calvary, stopiu'd to rest for an instant before the door of a man named Joannes Buttadeus. This man drove the ISaviour away, strikin;; him and saying in mockery: "Go, why dost thou tarry ';" At these words, Christ, looking sternly on him, replied: "1 yo, liut tliou shall tarry till 1 eume." In eonseqnenee Buttadeus heeame uu- dyinf;: for at the end of each century lie sulTers a sickness which rejuvenates him to the age of thirty. By the doom jirononnced upon him. his entire character was changed. Not only did he become gifted with supernatural wisdom, but his cruelty was turned to repentance, and in his journeys through every land he exhorted men to be minilful of their sins, and thus avoid the wrath of God. The legend of the wandering .lew is based ap- parently upon the account in .Inhn xxi. 21-23, where Christ says of .John: "If 1 will that he tarr^- till I come, what is that to thee?" This passage is then confused with llie account of the servant of the high priest, ^Malchus, whose ear was cut off by Peter for laying hands upon the Lord on the night of the betraval (.John xviii. 10; Matt. x.vi. 50 ol; Mark xiv. 4G-47 ). Ac- cording to the Italian legend of the fifteenth century, however, Malchus was doomed to circle forever beneath the earth about the jiilla^^o which Christ had been bound when scourged. The legend is a comparatively recent one. The earliest mention of it is in the English clironicle of Weudover, who died in 1230. According to him, an Armenian archbi>liop, who visited Saint Albans in 1228, had eaten and conversed many times with a certain man baptized as .Joseph, but once known as Carthaphilus or Cartiiphilus. who had been the door-keeper of Pontius I'ilate. The same story is tohl by ilatthew Paris and by the Flemish chronicler I'hilip Mouskes (aliout 1243). The name of Carthaphilus, however, is practically unknown, the Jew being called almost universally in the Latin versions .Joannes Butta- deus. or John the Gnd-sniitcr. In Provence he was called Boutedicu, in Brittany Boudedes, in Bel- gium Isaac Laquedem, in Saxony Bedeus; but in Spain .Juan Espera-en-Dios, and in Portugal Joao de Espera-em-Keos, or John Hope-in-God, the latter form of the name indicating a change in the point of view from which the legend was regarded. Here he bears a black fillet and a flaming cross which consumes his brain as fast as it is renewed. Although the wanderings of the .Jew are vaguely stated to be world-wide, he resided, according to the version reported by the chronicler of Wcndovcr, in Armenia. Italy seems, however, to have been his usual place of abode. In 1207 he was at Fovli. and in 1400. according to the chronicle of Sigismondo Tizio, he passed through Siena. In 1.t42 Paul von Kitzen. the Bishop of Schleswig, declared that he had seen the Wandering .Jew in the CImrcIi at Hamburg, where he said that he had been a shoemaker. In 1602 he was in Liibeck. He was also in Xaum- burg. and early in the eighteenth centiiiv he visited France. Hungary. Holland, and England. In Germany his name is changed to Alinsuerus. and his wanderings are made to symbolize the wanderings of his people for their rejection of Christ. The legend gained wide currency in Ger- many through the publication in 1602 at Leyden of a chap-book entitled /i«»-(ce lieschreihunij und Er::ulilu)iy von cinon Judin mit Namen, Alia- Ki-cnis. The belief in the legend has survived until a comparatively recent time, especially in Germany, France, Belgium, Denmark, and Swe- den, and is doubtless yet held in some of the re- moter districts. The legend of the Wandering Jew hivs been an attractive theme in literature. In Germany may be mentioned the epic fiagment Dcr cicitje Jtide of (ioethe in 1774, ;uid IJi'- W'linderiiiiijen des Mmsvenis (also fnigmentary ) by Zedlitz {Ge- dichtc, 5th ed., Stuttgart, 1855).' Other poetic versions have been made by Mosen (Dresden, 1838), Giseke (1864), Heller (2d ed., Leipzig, 1808), Ilamerling iAhasverug in Rome, 23d ed., Hamburg, lSi)2). and Carmen Sylva (■/<;- liornli, Leipzig, 1882) ; besides a large iiumiter of briefer poems. Dramatic versions are the tragedy Aliusverus by Kling<'mann (Brunswick. 1827); the JeruHulciv by llcirig (Leipzig. 1H74); and Der eaiye .hide by llaushofer lib., 18S0). In France, Quinet wrote a remarkable mystery AhasrA-re (Paris, 1833), while the novel of Eu- gene Sue, IjC .luif errant (ib.. 1845), has won a world-wide rejiutation. Consult: Griisse, Dcr Tannliuu«er und ewige Jitde (Dresden, 1861); Biissler, Ueber die Sage rom eicigen Juden (Berlin, 1870): Uelwig. Die Hage vom etriyen duden (ib.. 1874); Selioebel, /.a legende dti Juif errant (Paris, 1877) ; Paris, />(? Juif errant (ib., 1880) ; Conway, The llVoi- deriny Jcir (London. 1881); Xeubaur, Die Saye rom ewigen Judin (2d ed., Leipzig, 1803) ; Cas- sel, Ahasn^nis. Die Sage rom eiHycn Jiidcn (Berlin. 1885); Morpurgo, L'Ebreo errante in Italiii (Florence. 1890). WANDERING JEW, The. A work by Ev- GEXE SlE, See JriE KkR-XT, Le. WANDEROO (Singhalese vamdura, monkey. Hind, biiiidiir. hOiiar, monkey, from Skt. rCinara). The name of several species of monkey ; prob- ably a langur {l^cmnoitithcevs cephalopteriifs-) of Ceylon. It feeds chiefly on the berries and l)nfls of trees, and is seldom seen on the ground. Twenty or thirty are generally found together in a troop. When alarmed, they display mar- velous agility in leaping, or rather swinging from branch to branch, using their powerful arms alternately. In captivity the wanderoo is re- markable for the gravity of its demeanor, and for an air of melancholy in its expression and move- ments which is completelv' in character with its snowy beard and venerable aspect. Its disposi- tion is extremely gentle and affectionate; it is intelligent and docile, and very cleanly in its habits. The long-tailed monkey {Macaeus silenui) of A'estern India is often called 'wanderoo.' WANDSBEK, vants'bek. A town of the Province of Schleswig-Holstein, Prussia, three miles northeast of Hamburg, of whieli city it is practically a suburb (Jlap: Germany, G 4). It has breweries, distilleries, oleograph estab- lishments, and a large horse market. Population, in 1000, 27.066. WANKS. A river of Nicaragua. See Segovi ■■. WANTAGE, won'taj. A market town i-: Berkshioe, ICngland. 13 miles southwest of Ox- fiu'd. and 60 miles west of London (ilap: Eng- land, E 5). It is noted as the birthplace of A'-