Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 20.djvu/310

* WALDSEEMXJLLEB. 256 WALES. recent discovery. In the following year Wald- scemiiller finished a small treatise which he in- tended as an introduction to the more elaborate work; and this treatise, together with a Latin translation of the famous second letter from Americas Vespiicius (q.v.) to Soderini, and some verses in praise of Vespucius, was published under the title of Cosmograpliim Introductio on the college press in the same year. The work is famous because in it WaldseemuUer said: "But now the parts have been more extensively explored and another fourth part has been discov- ered by Americus ^'espueius (as will appear from what follows) ; wherefore 1 do not see what i.s rightly to hinder us from calling it Anierige or America, i.e. the land of Americus, after its discoverer Americus." By this Waldseemuller did not mean that Americus had discovered the new regions first, or that the whole of what had been discovered should be named in his honor; on the contrary, it seems that by the 'Fourth Part' he meant merely the northeastern part of what is now known as South America. The new edition of Ptolemy was finally published in 1513. It contained a map called Tabula Tcirce Kovo', which had been made under the supervi- sion of Waldseemuller prior to 150S. On this map the 'Fourth Part' is not called America, but Terra Incognita ; while to the left, referring to the I'earl Coast and perhaps to Honduras, is the in- scription: "This land with the adjacent islands was discovered by Columbus of Genoa by order of the King of Castile." Of the first edition of the Cosmograpliicc but one copy is known to be in existence, and it is in the Lenox Library in New York Cit}'. Of the three other editions published the same year, about 20 copies are preserved. Consult Fiske, The Discovery of America (Bos- ton, 1902). WALDSTEIN, w.ald'stin, Charles ( 185fi— ). An American archaeologist, born in New York City. He studied at Columbia in 18T1-73, and in IST.i received the degree of Ph.D. from Heidel- berg University in Germany. In the follow- ing year he studied both in Leipzig and in the British Museum, and he also delivered a course of lectures in the museum in 1878. He then traveled in Italy and Greece, and in 1880 became lecturer on classical archaeology in Cambridge University. Two years afterwards he was made 'reader' in Greek "art: from 1883 until 1880 he was director of Fitzwilliain JIuseum, to which he added a museum of art: from 1888 until 1897 was director of the American School of Archa;- olog;!' at Athens; and while doing this work dis- covered that the so-called 'Apollos' are simply statues of afhietes. After ISO.") he held the professorship of fine arts in Cambridge in addi- tion to his archa-ological chair. In 1883 he de- livered a course of lectures before the Royal In- stitution, and in 1880 one at Columbia Univer- sity. Among his published works are: The Bal- ance of Kmotion and intrllcct (1878); Bsxaya on the Art of I'hidias (1885) : Excavations at the Beraion of Arpon (1802) ; and The Work of John Ifiixl.ii, (1803). WALES (AS. Wnla.i. Wcnlan, foreigners; connected with Ollfi. tralh. foreign. Celtic Volcce, a tribe of Gaul). An historical division of the T'nited Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, administratively a part of Kngland. It is a large peninsula projecting westward on the is- land of Great Britain, and bounded on the north by the Irish Sea, on the east by the English counties of Chester, Shropshire, Hereford, and jNIonmouth, on the south by Bristol Channel, and on the west by Saint George's Chamud. Wales extends 136 miles from north to south and has a breadth varying from 3(} to 96 miles. Area, 7442 square miles. The northwestern corner is cut off by Jlenai Strait to form the island of Anglesey ( q.v. ). Compared with England, Wales is dis- tinctly a mountainous country, containing the highest point (Snowdon, 3590 feet) of the British Island south of Scotland. In general the moun- tains do not form well-defined ranges, but com- prise a mass of short ranges and small groups, separated by narrow valleys. Wales is geologi- cally more ancient than the greater part of Eng- land, consisting almost exclusively of the older Paleozoic rocks with igneous intrusions. The mineral deposits are extensive and valuable, in- eluding coal, iron, copper, zinc, tin, lead, and gold. Of these by far the most important is coal, amounting in value to about 85 per cent, of the mineral output of Wales and in quantity to about 20 per cent, of the coal supply of the United Kingdom. There are two coal fields, the north, in Denbigh and Flint, and the .south, more than half in Glamorgan and the rest in Carmar- then. Pemluoke, Brecknock, and the English coun- ty ilonmouth. Tlie north fields were worked as early as the sixteenth century and the develop- ment of the south fields began about the middle of the eighteenth. The latter fields extend 89 miles east and west, with a maximum breadth of 21 miles and an area of about 1000 square miles. The thickness of the coal measures is estimated at about 7000 feet. Cardiff (q.v.) has become the largest coal-exporting port in the world, its export in 1001 being 14.316,929 tons. In 1901 ';iU's yielded mineral products to the value of .$105,000,000, or about one-fifth of the total amount produced by Great Britain and Ireland. For agriculture, manufactures (the most im- portant of which is iron), and other topics concerning Wales not treated here, see Great Britain. COTTSTY Area, square miles Pop. in 1891 Pop. iu 1901 275 743 C88 918 51)1 662 256 808 608 797 617 471 50,098 57,031 6'->,C30 l.S0,.-.G6 118,204 117,872 77,277 687,218 49,212 58,003 89,133 21,791 60.590 69.'.)fl6 Cardifjcaa 0n.L>.37 13.''i,:!25 120 83.5 Dpiibl^h 129.9:t5 Flint 81.725 860.022 Mnrioii^th 49,130 54,892 RS.749 23,263 7,464 1,519,036 1,720,609 The population increased from 718,353 in 1821 to 1.519.035 in 1891. and 1.720.009 in 1901. The increase between 1890 and 1900 was 13.3 per cent., as against 9.9 per cent, for the United Kingdom. From the table above it will be seen that Gla- morgan has as large a population as all the rest of Wales. There was but one county in England that made a larger percentage of gain.