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VAN DYCK. of translating the Bible into Aral)ic. Ultimately he entirely rewrote the translation in the style of the Koran. He was the manager of the Slis- siou Press at Beirut from 1857 to 1880; physi- cian to Saint John's Hospital and professor of pathology in the Syrian Protestant College there from 1857 to 1882, when he became physician at Saint George's Hospital. When he had completed his translation of the Bible he came to Xew York to superintend its printing by the American Bible Society, and taught Hebrew in Union Theo- logical Seminar.y in that city, 18G6-67. He made many translations of religious, scientific, and medical works into Arabic.

VAN DYCK, Ernest (1861 — ). A Dutch tenor singer, born at Antwerp. He studied in Paris under Bax Saint-Yves. In 188G he was engaged to sing the role of Parsifal, in which his success was instantaneous, and through which he obtained a world-w'ide reputation. In 1888 he was engaged for the Vienna Court opera, and subsequently made many tours of Europe and America. He became an especial favorite in Chicago and Xew York.

VAN DYKE, Henry (18.52—). An Ameri- can clergyman, writer, and educator, born in Ger- mantown. Pa. He graduated at the College of New .Jerse}', Princeton (1873), at the Princeton Theological Seminary ( 1877 ), and at Berlin Uni- versity (1878). From 1878 to 1882 he was pas- tor of the United Congregational Church of New- port, R. I., and then of the Brick Presbyterian Church, New Y'ork City, till 1900, when' he ac- cepted a professorship of English literature at Princeton. His works include: The Reality of Religion (1884); The Story of the Psalms (1887); The Poetry of Tennyson (1889, 1895): The Christ-Child in Art (1894) : Little liiiers ( 1895) ; The Gospel for an Age of Doiiht ( 1896) ; The Other Wise Man (189G)"; The Builders, and Other Poems (1897) ; The Gospel for a World of Hin (1899): The Toiling of Felix, and Other Poems (1900) ; The Puling Passion (1901) ; and The Blue Flower (1902). Some of his books at- tained great popularity.

VAN DYKE, John Charles (1856—). An American art critic, born at New Brunswick, N. J., and educated at Columbia College. He was admitted to the New Y'ork bar in 1877, and afterwards was appointed professor of art his- tory in Rutgers College. His publications in- clude: Principles of Art (1887) ; Boio to Judge a Picture (1888); Serious Art in Americw (1889) ; Art for Art's Sake (189.3) ; A History of Painting (1894) ; Old Duteh and Flemish Mas- ters (1895); Modern French Masters (1896); and Mature for Its Own Sake (1898).

VANE, Sir Hekht (Harry) (161302). An ICnglish statesman. He was the son of Sir Henry Vane, a statesman of the reign of Charles I, He studied at Magdalen Hall, Oxford, but never matriculated, becau.se he refused to take the oath of allegiance and supremacy. At an early age he became a Puritan, and embraced inde- pendent principles in religion and republican principles in politics. In 1035 he sailed for New ICngl:ind. He was soon after elected (iovernor of Massachusetts, but, having quarreled with the leaders of the colony, returned to England in 1037. Through his father's interest he wn.s ap- pointed treasurer of the navy, and entered Parlia- ment in 1040. He immediately joined Pym and the other Parliamentary leaders in their O])posi- tion to Charles I., and was one of tlie originators of the 'Root and Branch' Bill for the total aboli- tion of episcopacy. After the death of Pym in 1043, Vane became the leader of the House of Commons, which power he retained until 1646. He was a memljer of the Westminster Assembly; was the chief instrument in carrying the Self- Denying Ordinance ( 1044) ; carried to the House of Lords the articles of impeachment against Archbishop Laud ; and was one of the commis- sioners at the Treaties of U.xbridge (1044-45) and the Isle of Wight (1048). But he Was too strict a Parliamentarian to view with satisfac- tion the increasing power of Cromwell and the army. He labored for an accommodation with the King, and after Pride's Purge refused to sit in Parliament, taking no part in the execution of the King. On the establishment of a Com- monwealth, however, in February, 1049, he was appointed one of the Council of State and was one of its most active and efficient members. After the expulsion of the Rump in 1053, he broke definitely with Cromwell ami withdrew from public affairs. In 1656 Vane wrote a book, en- titled A Healing Question Propounded and Re- soiced, which was so hostile to Cromwell's Pro- tectorate, that the author was imprisoned in Carisbrooke Castle, Isle of Wight, He was re- leased after a detention of four months, and attempts were made by Cromwell to win him over, but Vane was inflexible, and during the rule of the great Protector and his son Richard he maintained an attitude of sullen discontent. Wlien the Restoration took place. Vane was one of the twenty persons excluded from the general pardon; a«d in July, 1600, he was committed to the Tower. On June 2, 1602, he was arraigned and indicted for high treason before the Middle- sex grand jury, found guilty, and on the 14th was beheaded on Tower Hill, There are Lives of Vane by Upham (New Y'ork, 1800) and Hosmer (Boston, 1888).

VANES'SA, The disguised name given by Swift to Ivsther 'anhomrigh, formed from the first syllables of her whole name. She was the daughter of a Dutch merchant, who had followed William III. to Ireland and had received high positions as tokens of that monarch's regard. Sec Swift, .Jonathan.

VAN EYCK, ik. The name of two celebrated Flemish jiainlcrs. See Eyck, Van.

VAN HISE, Charles Richard (1857—). An .merican geoKigist and educator, born at Filton, Wis. He graduated at the University of Wis- consin in 1879, served successively on its faculty as instructor in chemistry and metallurgy, as- sistant professor of metallurgy', professor of metallurgy, professor of metallurgy' and petrolo- gy', and professor of geology until 1903, wlien he was elected president of the university. He be- came associated with the United States Geo- logical Survey in 1883, thereafter served ;is as- sistant geologist of the Lake Superior Division (1883 to 1888). and geologist in charge of the Lake Superior Division (1888 to 1900), and in 1900 was a|ii)oiiited geologist in charge of the Division of tlie I're-Cambriaii and Mctamorphic Geolog>'. In 1897 he was appointed consulting geologist for the Wisconsin Geological and Natural