Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 20.djvu/190

* VINE INSECTS. 148 VINET. pups and beetles in the fall, the beetles remain- ing in the burrows until the following 5-ear. This insect also breeds in other perennial plants. Prompt destruction of all infested wood is recommended. The grapevine flea-beetle (Ealtica chah/bea) is a stout metallic-blue beetle about one-fifth of an inch long, which has enlarged hind thighs. It appears in the early spring, feeds upon the buds, and later deposits its orange eggs in clus- ters on the lower surface of the young leaves, upon which the larviB, which are shining brown, feed, entirely defoliating the plants when nu- merous. They reach full growth in a month, enter the ground for transformation, and appear in .July as beetles, which hibernate and lay eggs in the' spring. Spraying with arsenites and jar- ring the adults upon cloth soaked in kerosene are recommended remedies. The grape leaf-folder (Desmia macuUitis) is a -widely distributed, small, shining, black moth, with " wings bordered with white and marked with white spots. It lays its eggs upon grape leaves, which the active greenish larva folds to- gether with silk, and skeletonizes them. There are two or three generations each summer, the last generation hibernating in the leaves. The destruction of the folded leaves with the early of the Historical and Antiquarian Society, com- prising 5500 volumes. The borough is sur- rounded by a productive fruit-growing region, and is especially known for the manufacture of shoes and grape juice. Other products include window glass, flint glass, rugs, chenille curtains, thermometers, clothing, pearl buttons, paper boxes, sashes, doors, and blinds. The water-works and the electric light plant are owned and oper- ated by the municipality. Population, in 1.S90, 3822; "in 1900, 4.370. Consult Xordhoff. Com- munistic Societies of the United States (New York, 1875). VI'NEB, CnARu:s (1678-1756). An English jurist, born at Salisbury. He attended Oxford for a time, and then resided at Aldershot, Hamp- shire. His gieat work was A General Abridg- ment of Laic and Equity (23 vols., 1742-53). To the compilation of this work he devoted half a century of tpil. The work was very complete, but was also ill-arranged and very irregular in its execution, hence it was not of much value until a better alphabetical index to it was pub- lished in 1758 by Robert Kelham. A second edition of the work and index appeared in Lon- don in 24 volumes in 1791-04, and a__ six-vol- ume supplement was published in 1799-1806. At his death Viner left about £12.000 to the generation is recommended. Probably the larvae University of Oxford for the establishment of of more than fifty species, including ten hawk- the Vinerian chair of common law and for fel- nioths (Sphingid's), feed upon the foliage, lowships and scholarships. The first incumbent Climbing cutworms are frequently destructive to the buds and foliage of vines in northern New- York and in the raisin-growing districts of Cali- fornia. See Cutworm. The grape-berry moth (Eudemis poljichrosis) is a European species w^hich has been intro- duced into the United States. It is a small, slate-colored moth, which lays its eggs on the young berries, into which the whitish hirva bur- rows. Infested berries shrivel, become discolored, and seem to be attacked by the black rot. W'hen full-grown, the larva, then one-third of an inch long, changes to a chrysalis within a folded leaf, where it passes the -winter. Bagging of grapes and burning of fallen leaves in the autumn are suggested remedies. The grapevine leaf-hopper (TyjMocijha viti- fex), which is also sometimes known as grape- vine thrips (see Thrip.s), occurs upon the vines in .June, frequently in great numbers, increasing through the summer and passing the winter as adults, laying its eggs upon the lower sides of the leaves" the following summer. Burning the fallen leaves and other rubbish and spraying with kerosene emulsion are popular remedies. Tarred paper shields carried close to the vines which are jarred are also used; the insects fly against the tarred surface. Consult Marlatt. The Prin- cipal Insect Enemies of the drape (Department of Agriculture, Washington, 1898). of the chair was Sir William Blackstone. VINES, KicHAKD (1585-1651). An Anglo- American colonist. He was born near Bideford, Devonshire; studied medicine; in 1609 visited Maine on an exploring expedition; and about 1615, acting as the agent of Sir Ferdinando Goro-es, established a settlement at Saco Bay. Me." In the pestilence of the winter of 1616-17 his medical skill was of great aid to the Indians. In 1617 he ascended the valley of the Saco River as far as Crawford's Notch, and he was the fir.st European to explore the White Mountains ( 1642 ). The village of Biddeford was founded on land granted to Vines by the Plymouth Company in 1630. He was chosen deputy governor of the set- tlement in 1644, hut after a visit to England went and settled as a planter and physician in Barbados, where he died. VINES, Sydney Howard (1849 — ). An Eng- lish naturalist, born in London and educated at Christ's College. Cambridge. In 1888 he was made Sherardian professor of botany in Oxford. His iiublisbed works include Lectures on the Physioloqy of Plants (1886), and a Student's Text-Book of Botany (1895). He assisted in founding the Annals of Botany and liecame its editor. VINET, v6'nft', Alexander Rodolimie (1797- 1847). . Swiss theologian and literary his- Canton of Vaud. At the toriaii. born at Ou<-liy, __ VINE'LAND. A borough in Cumberland age of twenty he became professor of the French County, X. T., 34 miles south by east of Phila- language and literature ' " " * delphia. Pa.; on the Central Railroad of New Jersey and the West Jersey and Seashore Rail- road "(Map: New .Jersey, B 5). It has the State Training School for Feeblc-Minded Children, the State Institution for Feeble-Minded Women, and the State Home for Disabled Soldiers and Sailors. Tlic Vineland Free Pulilic Lil)rary has GOOO volumes, and there is also the collection in the gynmasiuni at Basel. He was )U-ofessor of theology at Lausanne from 1837 to 1845, when he became a leading advocate of the entire separation of Church and State and aided in organizing the Free Church of Vaud. Of his numerous writings the foUovv- niav be mentioned: Sur la separation de ing feylise et de fclal (1842; Etudes sur Blaise Pascal Eng. trans. 1843) ; (1848; Eng. trans.