Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 19.djvu/95

* TAYLOR. 71 "Virginia Resolutions." (See Virginia and Ken- tucky Eesolutions. ) He published: An In- quiry into the Principles and PoUcij of the Gov- ernment of the United States (1814); Aratos; heing a Series of Agricultural Essatjs, Practical and Political (6th ed. 1818) ; Construction Con- strued and the Constitution Vindicated (1820) ; Tyrannij Vnmaslced (1822); and 'Sew yieies of the Constitution of the United Slates (1822). In his ]inlitical works he was an ardent advocate of strict construction of the Constitution. TAYLOR, John (1808-87). The successor of Brigham Young (q.v.) as President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints. (See iloR- MONS.) He was born in England, became a Methodist local preacher, and emigrated to Canada in 1829. In 183G,' under the ministra- tion of Parley P. Pratt, he joined the Mormon Church and was elected one of the Twelve Apostles. At the assassination of- the Prophet Joseph Smith, Jr. (q.v.), he was himself wounded, but was one of those who counseled the Mormons to keep the peace. Opposing the claims of Sidney Rigdon ( q.v. ) to the headship of the Church, he started with the first emigrants for the Salt Lake Valley. Appointed in 1840 to the European mission, he published a Mormon month- ly in Paris and translated the Booh of Mormon into French and German. Returning to America in 1854. he was stationed in Xew York as super- intendent over the Eastern churches and there published the iJormoii. Having served as as- sociate justice of the inchoate State of Descret, as a probate jxidge of Utah County, and a mem- ber of the Utah Legislature, in 1858 he was in- dicted for treason against the United States Government. On October 6, 1880, he was elected President of the Church. TAYLOR, John Louis (1769-1829). An American jurist, born in London, England. He removed to Fayetteville, N. C, and was ad- mitted to the bar. From 1792 to 1794 he was a member of the State Legislature, in 1798 was elected a judge of the Superior Court, and was Chief Justice of the Supreme Court from 1810 until his death. In 1817 he was appointed a commissioner for the revision of State statutes, the work being published in 1S21. His publica- tions include: The North. Carolina Law Reposi- tory (1814-16); Term. Reports (1818); and On the Duties of Executors and Administrators (1825). TAYLOR, Joseph ( 1586?-lfi53 ?). An English actor, mentioned in the Shakespeare folio of 1623 as one of those who appeared in Shakespeare's plays. His Hamlet, which he acted after Bur- bage, is interesting on account of the tradition that Shakespeare himself trained him in the part. At different times he was a member of the com- pany at the Globe Theatre and elsewhere, and later in life he was appointed to the Government office of Yeoman of the Revels. Consult Collier, Memoirs of the Principal Actors in the Plays of Shakespeare (London, 1846). TAYLOR, Nathaniel Wiluam (1786-1858). An American Congregational theologian. He was born at New Milford, Conn.: graduated at Y'ale College in 1807. He studied theology five years with Dr. Dwight and was ordained pastor of the First Church (Congregational), New Haven, in 1812. as successor of Moses Stuart. In 1822 he ■was elected Dwight professor of didactic theology TAYLOR. in Yale College, and held the position till his death. In 1828 he preached in New Haven the concio ad clerum, presenting views on native de- pravity which were denounced as heretical, and led to a protracted discussion between liini and Dr. Tyler. The controversy attracted much at- tention in New England and elsewhere. After Dr. Taylor's death, four volumes of his works were edited by President Noah Porter: Practical Sermons (1858) : Lectures on the Moral Govern- ment of God (1858) ; Essays, Lectures, etc., upon. Select Topics in Revealed. Theology (1859). Hi8 Life was published at New Haven in 1858. TAYLOR, Philip Meadows (1808-76). An Anglo-Indian officer and novelist. He was born in Liverpool, England, and when fifteen years old went to India to enter a commercial firm in Bom- bay, but instead received a commission in the Nizam of Hyderabad's army. In 1841 he was commissioned to pacify the State of Shorapore and was appointed administrator during the minority of the ruler, a task that he accom- plished with satisfaction both to the natives and to the British Government. After the Raja's ac- cession he was appointed administrator of the ceded districts in the Western Deccan, his rule during the perilous time of the Jlutiny being eminently successful. He returned to England in 1860 and in 1869 was made a companion of the Star of India. Besides his brilliant administra- tive services Taylor was widely known by his popular novels illustrative of stirring periods in the history of India; the chief of them are: The Confessions of a Thug (1839) ; Ti/)/)oo Sut- tuun, a Tale of the Mysore War (1840) ; Tara, a Mahratta Tale (1863) ; Sceta (1872) ; and A Noble Queen (1878). the last two descriptive of the Indian Mutiny. Consult his autobiographical Story of My Life (London, 1877). TAYLOR, RicH.4,KD (1826-79). A Confederate soldier, familiarly known as 'Dick' Taylor. He was the son of President Zachary Taylor, and was born at New Orleans. He graduated at Y'ale in 1845, and was for a time with his father in the Mexican War. He was a member of the Louisiana seceding convention, and later became colonel of the Ninth Louisiana regiment. He was soon promoted to the rank of brigadier-general ; fought under Stonewall Jackson in the Shen- andoah A'allcy campaign, and then in the Seven Days' Battles before Richmond ; was pro- moted to the rank of major-general, and was put in command of Louisiana, the western part of which he recovered for the Confederacy. On April 8, 1864, he defeated General Banks at Sabine Cross Roads, and captured 22 guns and about 2500 prisoners, thereby making it neces- sary for the Federal general to give up the Red River Expedition and to retreat. On the follow- ing day, however, Taylor himself sustained a severe repulse at Pleasant Hill. On May 4, 1865, he surrendered to General Canby. He published Destrvctinn and Reconstruction (1879). TAYLOR, Rowland (?-15.55). An English martyr. He was born at Rothbury, Northumber- land, and was educated at Cambridge, where he became principal of Borden Hastel about 1531. He was associated with Cranmer as domestic chap- lain, and received in succession numerous eccle- siastical appointments. At Cambridge he had become acquainted with the Protestant manual Unio Dissidentium an^ was a firm believer in,