Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 19.djvu/942

* VALOIS. 806 VALPY. elevation of the House of Valois to the throne of France gave rise to long and bloody wars with Edward 111. of England, who claimed the crown through his mother, Isabella, the daughter of. Philip IV. (See Hundred Years' War.) The French crown fell by regular succession of son to father to John the" Good (1350-64), Charles V. (1364-80), Charles VI. (1380-1422), Charles VII. (1422-61), Louis XI. (1401-83) and Charles VIII. (1483-98). Charles VIII. having died ■without male issue, the cro-n fell to the repre- sentative of the nearest collateral male line, Louis, son of Charles, Duke of Orleans, and grandson of Louis, Duke of Orleans, the vounger brother of Charles VI., who ascended the throne as Louis XII. (1498-1515), the first of the Valois-Orleans house ; but he also dying without male issue, the succession devolved up- on the descendants of his uncle. Count Jean d'Angouleme, whose grandson, Francis I. (1515- 47 ), succeeded. Francis I. was followed by his son Henry II. (1547-59). Henry's three sons, Francis II. (1559-60), Charles IX. (1560-74), and Henry III. (1574-89), occupied the throne in succession, but, none of them leaving male heirs, the crown devolved upon Henry IV. of Xa- varre of the House of Bourbon (q.v.), which was descended from Robert, a younger brother of Philip III. VALO'NIA (It. valloitia. from Gk. /SdXa^os, balanos, acorn; connected with Lat. glans, Lith. gile, OChurch Slav. selandJ, acorn). The acorn- eup of Quereus .Egilops, a species of oak indige- nous to Asiatic Turkey. It is rich in tannic acid, in consequence of which it is extensively used by tanners. The tree is cultivated along the Jled- iterranean shores. In Algeria it is used for re- foresting the mountains, as it grows rapidly and seems well adapted to its surroundings. VALPARAISO, val'pa-rl's6. A western province of Chile, bounded by Santiago on the south and east. Aconcagua on the north and east, and the Pacific Ocean on the west (Map: Chile, 10). The small islands of Juan Fernandez are included in the province. Area, 1659 square miles. The surface is largely mountainous and sterile in the southern part, but fertile in the north. The chief occupation, outside the capital, is agriculture. Population, in 1895, 220,756. Capital. Valparaiso. VALPARAISO. The capital of the Province of Valparaiso. Chile, and the chief seaport of the republic, situated on a bay of the Pacific 6S miles (116 miles by rail) Avest-northwest of Santiago, with which it is connected by rail (Map: Chile, C 10). The older and business portion of the city extends along the shore of the bay, while on the slope of the surrounding hills are the finer residence suburbs. Vifia del JIar, a few miles to the east, is a noted suburb and seaside resort. Valparaiso enjoys a mild and equable climate, the average temperature being 58° F., the average for January 63°, and for July 53°. The average annual rainfall is about 13.5 inches. The town has some well-constructed streets and a square with many monuments. The more im- portant monuments include statues of Columbus, William Wheelwright, who built the first railway in South America, Thomas Cochrane (tenth Earl of Dundonald), who organized the Chilean navy, and a fine monument to the na'y, surmounted by a statue of Admiral Prat. The port is strongly fortified and the Government maintains here a large naval arsenal. The chief manufactures are cotton goods, machinery, and ironwork : other interests are the manufacture of tobacco, the bottling of mineral water, sugar refining, brew- ing, and distilling. The harbor is very accessible and has a complete system of docks, warehouses, and shipyards. Valparaiso exports grain, wool, leather, guano, saltpetre, and copper. In 1898 it had more tlian 63 per cent, of the Chilean import trade, but less than 17 per cent, of the export. Tlie imports at Valparaiso in 1900 amounted to 79,110,000 pesos (paper) and the exports 12,793,- 000 pesos (paper). In 1900, 1027 ships, of 1,386,- 884 tonSj entered the port. Population, in 1820, 6000; in 1895, 122,447; in 1900, 135,674, of whom some 12,000 were foreigners. Valparaiso lias been the port for Santiago since 1544. It was visited by a terrible earthquake in 1855 and bombarded by a Spanish fieet in 1866. During the civil war of 1891 it vas taken and partly sacked by the Congressional troops. VALPARAISO, val'pa-ri'zo. The county- seat of Porter County, Ind., 44 miles southeast of Chicago, 111.; on the Pittsburg, Fort Wayne and Chicago, the Chicago and Grand Trunk, and tlie Xew York, Chicago and Saint Louis rail- roads (Map: Indiana, B 1). It is largely a residential city, and has the Valparaiso College and Normal Training School, Saint Paul's Acad- emy, and a fine court house. The city is in a rich farming section, and manufactures mica, paint, and educational specialties. The govern- ment is vested in a mayor, elected every four years, and a unicameral council. Valparaiso was settled in 1836 and was incorporated in 1856. Population, in 1890, 5090; in 1900, 0280. VALTY, Abr.ham John (1787-1854). An English printer and editor, second son of Richard Valpy, the head master of Reading Scliool. From his father's instruction he passed to Pembroke College, Oxford, graduating in 1809. While a schoolboy at Reading he published a selection from Cicero's Letters, which went through sev- eral editions. With the intention of rivaling the great classical printers, he began business in London, first in Chancery Lane and subse- quently (1822) in Red Lion Court. Fleet Street. Among the classics published by jiim are Bro- tier's Tacitus (5 vols., IS12) ; a reissue of Ste- phens's Thesaurus Grwcw LincjiHe (12 vols.. 1816- 28) ; the Dclphin Classics, with George Dver as editor ( 14Lvols., 1819-30) ; and The Fnmilii Classi- cal Library, translations into English (52 vols., 1830-34). He also founded The Classical Journal (1810) and a periodical called The Museum (1822) ; and brought out an illustrated edition of Shakespeare (15 vols., 1832-34). In or about 1837 he sold his business and became interested in an insurance company and other financial un- dertakings. VALPY, RICH.ABD (1754-1836). An English educator. He was born on the island of Jersey, studied at Valognes, Xorniandy, at Southamp- ton, and at Guildford grammar schools, and pro- ceeded to Pembroke College, Oxford, where he graduated in 1776. Having taken orders the following year, he became a master at Bury Saint Edmunds School and in 1781 was appointed head master at Reading. He was a successful teacher