Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 19.djvu/93

* TAYLOR. 69 TAYLOR. of the newly established Seamen's Bethel in Bos- ton, which position he held until 1S6S, when he resigned. He visited Europe in 18.32 and Pales- tine in 1842, and was chaplain to the United States frigate sent with relief to Ireland during the famine of IS-IG. By his warmth of heart, his native wit. and his natural eloquence he gained a remarkable influence over his sailor auditors, and throughout the United States he was re- garded as in some respects the most eloquent preacher of his day. Numerous anecdotes have been told to illustrate his wit and his power a9 a public speaker, and accounts of his eloquence may be found in Miss JIartineau's Retrospect of Western Travel, in Buckingham's America, His- torical, Statistic and Descriptive, in Dickens's American Aotes, in Miss Bremer's The Homes of the Xeir World, and in Mrs. Jameson's Common- place Book of Thoughts, Memories, and Fancies. Walt Whitman spoke of him as an "essentially perfect orator." Consult Haven and Russell, Father Tai/lor, the f<ailor Preacher (Boston, 1872). TAYIiOR, George (1716-81). A signer of the Declaration of Independence, from Pennsyl- vania. He was born in Ireland, emigrated to America as a redemptioner in 1736, and, after serving a wealthy manufacturer as a clerk, married his employer's widow. He became very wealthy, was a member of the Provincial Assem- bly from 1764 to 1770, and on .July 20, 1776, was chosen a member of the Continental Congress. He served only a short time, retiring in March, 1777. Consult: Sanderson, Sif/ners of the Dec- laration of Independence (Philadelphia, 1825-27). TAYLOR, H.NXis (I85I— ). An American lawyer and diplomat, born at Newbern, N. C. He was educated at the University of North Carolina. From 189,S to 1807 he was United States Minister to Spain. In 1890 he published the first volume, followed in 1898 by the second volume of The Origin and Groirth of the English Constitution, a work in which he attempted not only to trace the history of the English system of government, but also the growth therefrom "of the Federal Republic of the United States." TAYLOR, Sir Henry (1800-86). An English poet, born at Bishop-Middleham in Durham. He began writing verses in the Byronic manner and was soon contributing clever articles to the Quarterly Review. Encouraged by Southey, whom he visited at the Lakes, he settled in London as a man of letters (1823). In 1824 he was given a clerkship in the Colonial Office, a post which he filled with great ability till his resignation in 1872. He made warm friendships with Mill, Lockhart, Rogers, Carlyle, Spedding, Aiibrey de Vere, and many other literary men. In recognition of his services to the Government and to literature, he was made K.C.M.G. (1869). His last years were passed at Bourne- mouth. Ta^'lor's literary fame rests secure on Philip Van Artevelde (1834; performed by Macready. 1847), one of the most poetic trag- edies since the Elizabethan age. Other tragedies in the same style but of less merit are Isaac Com- nenus (1827) ^ Edirin the Fair (1842), and Saint Clement's Eve (1862). The Virgin Widow, a dramatic poem (1850). is an experiment in ro- mantic comedy. In 1847 Taylor published The Eve of Conquest and Other Poems. His strong- est prose is represented by The Statesman (1836), a collection of ironical discourses on success, which were taken seriously; and by a charming .iutobiography (1885; but privately jirinted, 1877), containing carefully drawn por- traits of his early contemiioraries. Consult his Worhs (Author'.s edition, .i vols., London, 1878) ; selection from ])oems in Miles's Poets and Poetry of the Century (ib., 1.S91) ; and Correspondence, ed. by Dowdi'U ( ib.. 1888). TAYI-OR, Hkxry Clay ( 1845-1904) . AnAmer- ican naal olKcer, born in Washington, D. C. He graduated at the Naval Academy »n I860, was assigned to the West Gulf Blockading Squadron, and took part in the battle of Mobile Bay (August 5, 1864). After the Civil War he spent two years in the South Pacific Station, and on his return home was detailed for duty at the Naval Academy. In 1868 he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant-commander, and after taking part in a surveying expedition (1870-71), he again spent two years at the Naval Academy. In 1879 he was advanced to the rank of com- mander, and from 1881 to 1884 he commanded the Swatara on the Asiatic station. Two years after his return he was appointed commandant of the Norfolk Navy Yard, a post which he held two years. From 1893 to 1896 he was presi- dent of the Naval War College at Newport, R. I., and he was also for several years superintendent of the Naval Academy at Annapolis. In 1897 he was again ordered to sea service, and was ap- pointed commander of the battleship Indiana. In the spring of 1898 he joined Admiral Samp- son's fleet at Key West, and in May he took part in the bombardment of San .Juan. The next month, with the Indiana and other war vessels, he conveyed General Shatter's army from Tampa to Santiago, and on .July 3d, when Cervera came out of the harbor, his vessel took an important part in the destruction of the Spanish fleet. After the war he was placed in command of the receiving ship Vermont, and in 1902 he was ap- pointed chief of the Bureau of Navigation. TAYLOR, Isaac (1787-1865). An English miscellaneous writer, inventor, and artist, bom at Lavenham, in Suffolk. He studied engraving under the direction of his father, with whom he executed the plates for Boydell's Illustrations of Holy Writ (1820), commended for their orig- inality by Rossetti. Turning to literature, he joined the staff of the Eclectic Review (1818), for which he continued to write for many years. Some time before this he had begun the study of patristic literature and of Lord Bacon. He was known as the great lay preacher of his time. Of his publications we mav mention: The Ele- ments of Thought (1823; llth ed. 1867), which grew out of his early studies of Bacon and the Church Fathers ; a translation of the Characters of Theophrastus (1824) with etchings by him- self; The Natural History of Enthusiasm (1829; 10th ed. 1845) ; Saturday Evening (1832), a de- votional volume which had an immense sale in England and the United States; Home Education 1838; 7th ed. 1867); a translation of the Jew- ish Wars of Josephus (1847 and 1851) ; Ancient Christianity and the Doctrines of the Oxford Tracts (8 parts, 1839-40; 4th ed. 1844); and The Spirit of Hebrew Poetry ( 1801 ) . His sisters Jane (1783-1824) and Ann (1782-1866), after- wards Mrs. Gilbert of Nottingham, became well known for their children's verses. Their Original