Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 19.djvu/883

* URBAN. 755 URBINO. tion to the Papacy he was Archbishop of Milan. He was an opponent of Frederick Barbarossa. The Kmperor besieged the Pope iu Verona, but w'as recalled to Germany by tidings of revolt there, and Urban was on the point of excommu- nicating him wlien he died near Ferrara, it is said of a broken heart, on hearing of the capture of Jerusalem by Saladin. Urban IV., Pope 1201-04, Jacques Pantal^n. He was the son of a shoemaker of Troves, and rose by his talents and virtues to high positions in the Church, becoming titular Patriarch of Jerusalem in 1255. He was elected Pope at Viterbo, and spent the whole of his pontificate there and at Orvieto, being excluded from Rome by the power of Manfred, natural son of the Em- peror Frederick II., against whom he incited Charles of Anjou to take up arms. He preserved a strict neutrality between the rival candidates for the Empire, and in the difficulties between Henry III. of England and his barons took the side of the King. The nomination of numerous French cardinals led to the preponderance of that party, and so ultimately to the great schism. Consult: Dorez and Guiraud, Les registres d'Urbain IV. (Paris, 1802), and a biography by Georges (ib., 1805). — Ukban v.. Pope 1302-70, Guillaume de CJrimoard. The cardinals could not agree upon one of their own number, and therefore elected him, tlicn Abbot of Saint Victor at Marseilles. This was at the time of the Papal residence at Avignon, whence Urban III. sent a legate to reduce his rebellious subjects in Rome. In 1307, however, he resolved to return thither in person. Finding the Papal city in a condition all but ruinous, and having endeavored with little success to repress the disorder of the times, he returned to Avi- gnon in 1370. Here he died less than a month after his return, leaving the reputation of great personal piety and zeal for the interests of re- ligion. Consult: Magnan, Histoire d'Urbain Y. (2d ed., Paris, 1803) ; Kirsch, Die Ruckkchr der Piipste Urban V. nitd Grec/or XI. von Avignon nach Rom (Paderborn, 1898). Ukban VI., Pope 1378-89, Bartolommeo Pri- gnano. At the time of his election he was Arch- bishop of Bari. On the death of Giregory XL, who had brought back the seat of the Papacy from Avignon to Rome, Prignano was elected in a conclave held under circumstances of great excitement, owing to the apprehension on the part of the populace of an intention to elect a French pope and again abandon Rome. The most important aspect of his pontificate is that relating to the Great Schism (see Schi.sm, Western), which arose out of the conflicting claims to the election. While the candidate of the French cardinals took up his residence at Avignon, under the name of Clement VII.. Urban occupied the Papal seat in Rome. After a dispute with Charles, King of Naples, whom he had him- self crowned, he died of a fall from his horse, though there were the usual suspicions of poison. — Urban VII., Pope 1590, Giovanni Castagna. He had been a member of the Council of Trent in its last period, and then for several years nuncio in Spain. Elected to succeed Sixtus V., he died twelve davs later. before he could be consecrated. — Urban VIII., Pope 1023-44, MafTeo Barberini. He was born in Florence, 1508, educated at Rome and Pisa, and destined for an ecclesiastical career. After serving twice as nuncio to France, he was made cardinal in 1000. Urban VIII. was guilty of nepotism; but his administration was, on the whole, vigorous and enlightened. He was the founder of the celebrated College of the Propa- ganda, and to him Rome is indebted for many public works. Some of the early stages of the Jansenist controversy (see Jansenism) fall within his pontificate. In the Thirty Years' War he sided with France against the Km))eror and Spain. In his pontificate the Ducliy of Urbino was annexed to the Papal dominions. XTRBAN'A. The county -seat of Cliampaign County, 111., 128 miles south by west of Chi- cago; on the Cleveland, Cincinnati. Chicago and Saint Louis Railroad, and a branch of the Wal)ash (Map: Illinois, D 3). It is the seat of the University of Illinois (q.v.), opened in 1808. The public library has more than 8000 volumes; and there are also the Champaign County Teachers' and Pupils' Library, and the Illinois State Laboratory and Natural History Library. Other prominent features include the County Court House, the Municipal Building, and the Masonic Temple, and Crystal Lake Park. Urbana is the centre of a rich farming section, and manufactures brick and tile, lawn mowers, iron novelties, and suspenders. The Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago and Saint Louis Railroad maintains extensive shops here. The government is vested in a mayor, chosen biennially, and a unicameral council. Urbana was chartered as a city in 1855. Population, in 1890, 3511; in 1900, 5728. URBANA. The county-seat of Champaign County, O.. 47 miles west by north of Columbus; on the Erie, the Cleveland. Cincinnati. Cliicago and Saint Louis, and the Pittsburg, Cincinnati, Chicago and Saint Louis railroads (Map: Ohio, C 5). It is the seat of Urbana University (Swedenborgian), and has a public library. I'rbana is surrounded by a productive farm- ing region, and is of considerable indus- trial importance. Furniture, bicj'cle rims, and strawhoard are the leading manufactures. The government is vested in a mayor, chosen biennially, and a unicameral council. Urbana was laid out in 180.5, and for a time in 1812 was the headquarters of the Northwestern Army. It was the home of the famous Indian fighter Simon Kenton. Population, iu 1890, 0510; in 1900, 0808. URBAN SERVITUDES (from Lat. nrbatnis, relating to a city, from urbs, city). Easements or rights existing for the convenience or benefit of houses or other bviildings, over lands or build- ings belonging to a different owner. The term is employed to distinguish such servitudes from those established for the benefit of land only, which are known as rural servitudes. The most important urban servitudes are: The right to support — that is, of resting joists and other tim- bers on an adjoining building; the right to hare rain drip from the eaves of a building on an- other's land or building; the right to establish and maintain windows overlooking another's land; the rights of air and access. Consult Wasliliurn on Easements. See E.sements. URBINO, oor-be'no. A city in the Province of Pesaro e L^rbino, Italy, situated on a hill amid the eastern outhers of the Apennines, between