Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 19.djvu/814

UNITED STATES. {|align="center" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" rules="cols" style="font-size: smaller" immigrants (steerage) alien passengers total
 * colspan="6"|
 * rowspan="3" align="center"|COUNTRIES
 * align="center" colspan="2"| Sex of immigrants
 * rowspan="3" align="center"|Total
 * rowspan="3" align="center"|Total
 * rowspan="3" align="center"|Other
 * rowspan="3" align="center"|Grand
 * colspan="2"|
 * align="center"|Males
 * align="center"| Females
 * Austria-Hungary
 * align="right"|147,984
 * align="right"|58,027
 * align="right"|206,011
 * align="right"|3,282
 * align="right"|209,293
 * Belgium
 * align="right"|2,308
 * align="right"|1,142
 * align="right"|3,450
 * align="right"|603
 * align="right"|4,053
 * Denmark
 * align="right"|4,554
 * align="right"|2,604
 * align="right"|7,158
 * align="right"|654
 * align="right"|7,812
 * France, including Corsica
 * align="right"|3,513
 * align="right"|2,065
 * align="right"|5,578
 * align="right"|4,243
 * align="right"|9,821
 * German Empire
 * align="right"|24,861
 * align="right"|15,225
 * align="right"|40,086
 * align="right"|10,936
 * align="right"|51,022
 * Greece
 * align="right"|13,634
 * align="right"|466
 * align="right"|14,090
 * align="right"|231
 * align="right"|14,321
 * Italy, including Sicily and Sardinia
 * align="right"|186,966
 * align="right"|43,656
 * align="right"|230,622
 * align="right"|4,930
 * align="right"|235,552
 * Netherlands
 * align="right"|2,499
 * align="right"|1,499
 * align="right"|3,998
 * align="right"|715
 * align="right"|4,713
 * Norway
 * align="right"|16,249
 * align="right"|8,212
 * align="right"|24,461
 * align="right"|646
 * align="right"|25,107
 * Portugal, including the Cape Verde Islands and the Azores
 * align="right"|5,829
 * align="right"|3,488
 * align="right"|9,317
 * align="right"|154
 * align="right"|9,471
 * Rumania
 * align="right"|5,313
 * align="right"|3,997
 * align="right"|9,310
 * align="right"|201
 * align="right"|9,511
 * Russian Empire (with Finland)
 * align="right"|92,935
 * align="right"|43,158
 * align="right"|136,093
 * align="right"|2,237
 * align="right"|138,330
 * Servia, Bulgaria, and Montenegro
 * align="right"|1,699
 * align="right"|62
 * align="right"|1,761
 * align="right"|33
 * align="right"|1,794
 * Spain, including Canary and Balearic Islands
 * align="right"|1,733
 * align="right"|347
 * align="right"|2,080
 * align="right"|1,139
 * align="right"|3,219
 * Sweden
 * align="right"|29,808
 * align="right"|16,220
 * align="right"|46,028
 * align="right"|1,306
 * align="right"|47,334
 * Switzerland
 * align="right"|2,796
 * align="right"|1,187
 * align="right"|3,983
 * align="right"|1,039
 * align="right"|5,022
 * Turkey in Europe
 * align="right"|1,463
 * align="right"|76
 * align="right"|1,529
 * align="right"|108
 * align="right"|1,637
 * United Kingdom:
 * &emsp;England
 * align="right"|15,593
 * align="right"|10,626
 * align="right"|26,219
 * align="right"|16,433
 * align="right"|42,652
 * &emsp;Ireland
 * align="right"|15,966
 * align="right"|19,344
 * align="right"|35,310
 * align="right"|3,165
 * align="right"|38,475
 * &emsp;Scotland
 * align="right"|3,953
 * align="right"|2,190
 * align="right"|6,143
 * align="right"|3,174
 * align="right"|9,317
 * &emsp;Wales
 * align="right"|835
 * align="right"|440
 * align="right"|1,275
 * align="right"|241
 * align="right"|1,516
 * Europe not specified
 * align="right"|3
 * align="right"|2
 * align="right"|5
 * align="right"|.........
 * align="right"|5
 * &emsp;&emsp;Total Europe
 * align="right"|580,484
 * align="right"|234,023
 * align="right"|814,507
 * align="right"|55,470
 * align="right"|869,977
 * China
 * align="right"|2,167
 * align="right"|42
 * align="right"|2,209
 * align="right"|108
 * align="right"|2,317
 * Japan
 * align="right"|15,909
 * align="right"|4,059
 * align="right"|19,968
 * align="right"|195
 * align="right"|20,163
 * India
 * align="right"|79
 * align="right"|15
 * align="right"|94
 * align="right"|95
 * align="right"|189
 * Turkey in Asia
 * align="right"|5,114
 * align="right"|2,004
 * align="right"|7,118
 * align="right"|387
 * align="right"|7,505
 * Elsewhere in Asia
 * align="right"|507
 * align="right"|70
 * align="right"|577
 * align="right"|2
 * align="right"|579
 * &emsp;&emsp;Total Asia
 * align="right"|23,776
 * align="right"|6,190
 * align="right"|29,966
 * align="right"|787
 * align="right"|30,753
 * Africa
 * align="right"|121
 * align="right"|55
 * align="right"|176
 * align="right"|197
 * align="right"|373
 * Australia, Tasmania, and New Zealand
 * align="right"|796
 * align="right"|354
 * align="right"|1,150
 * align="right"|405
 * align="right"|1,555
 * Philippine Islands
 * align="right"|123
 * align="right"|9
 * align="right"|132
 * align="right"|4
 * align="right"|136
 * Pacific Islands not specified
 * align="right"|58
 * align="right"|9
 * align="right"|67
 * align="right"|9
 * align="right"|76
 * British North America
 * align="right"|728
 * align="right"|330
 * align="right"|1,058
 * align="right"|2,370
 * align="right"|3,428
 * British Honduras
 * align="right"|54
 * align="right"|27
 * align="right"|81
 * align="right"|98
 * align="right"|179
 * Elsewhere in Central America
 * align="right"|423
 * align="right"|174
 * align="right"|597
 * align="right"|397
 * align="right"|994
 * Mexico
 * align="right"|416
 * align="right"|112
 * align="right"|528
 * align="right"|476
 * align="right"|1,004
 * South America
 * align="right"|405
 * align="right"|184
 * align="right"|589
 * align="right"|618
 * align="right"|1,207
 * West Indies
 * align="right"|5,743
 * align="right"|2,427
 * align="right"|8,170
 * align="right"|3,436
 * align="right"|11,606
 * All other countries
 * align="right"|19
 * align="right"|6
 * align="right"|25
 * align="right"|2
 * align="right"|27
 * &emsp;&emsp;Total countries outside Europe and Asia
 * align="right"|8,886
 * align="right"|3,687
 * align="right"|12,573
 * align="right"|8,012
 * align="right"|20,585
 * &emsp;&emsp;&emsp;Grand total
 * align="right"| 613,146
 * align="right"| 243,900
 * align="right"| 857,046
 * align="right"| 64,269
 * align="right"| 921,315
 * colspan="6"|
 * }
 * Africa
 * align="right"|121
 * align="right"|55
 * align="right"|176
 * align="right"|197
 * align="right"|373
 * Australia, Tasmania, and New Zealand
 * align="right"|796
 * align="right"|354
 * align="right"|1,150
 * align="right"|405
 * align="right"|1,555
 * Philippine Islands
 * align="right"|123
 * align="right"|9
 * align="right"|132
 * align="right"|4
 * align="right"|136
 * Pacific Islands not specified
 * align="right"|58
 * align="right"|9
 * align="right"|67
 * align="right"|9
 * align="right"|76
 * British North America
 * align="right"|728
 * align="right"|330
 * align="right"|1,058
 * align="right"|2,370
 * align="right"|3,428
 * British Honduras
 * align="right"|54
 * align="right"|27
 * align="right"|81
 * align="right"|98
 * align="right"|179
 * Elsewhere in Central America
 * align="right"|423
 * align="right"|174
 * align="right"|597
 * align="right"|397
 * align="right"|994
 * Mexico
 * align="right"|416
 * align="right"|112
 * align="right"|528
 * align="right"|476
 * align="right"|1,004
 * South America
 * align="right"|405
 * align="right"|184
 * align="right"|589
 * align="right"|618
 * align="right"|1,207
 * West Indies
 * align="right"|5,743
 * align="right"|2,427
 * align="right"|8,170
 * align="right"|3,436
 * align="right"|11,606
 * All other countries
 * align="right"|19
 * align="right"|6
 * align="right"|25
 * align="right"|2
 * align="right"|27
 * &emsp;&emsp;Total countries outside Europe and Asia
 * align="right"|8,886
 * align="right"|3,687
 * align="right"|12,573
 * align="right"|8,012
 * align="right"|20,585
 * &emsp;&emsp;&emsp;Grand total
 * align="right"| 613,146
 * align="right"| 243,900
 * align="right"| 857,046
 * align="right"| 64,269
 * align="right"| 921,315
 * colspan="6"|
 * }
 * align="right"|25
 * align="right"|2
 * align="right"|27
 * &emsp;&emsp;Total countries outside Europe and Asia
 * align="right"|8,886
 * align="right"|3,687
 * align="right"|12,573
 * align="right"|8,012
 * align="right"|20,585
 * &emsp;&emsp;&emsp;Grand total
 * align="right"| 613,146
 * align="right"| 243,900
 * align="right"| 857,046
 * align="right"| 64,269
 * align="right"| 921,315
 * colspan="6"|
 * }
 * &emsp;&emsp;&emsp;Grand total
 * align="right"| 613,146
 * align="right"| 243,900
 * align="right"| 857,046
 * align="right"| 64,269
 * align="right"| 921,315
 * colspan="6"|
 * }
 * &emsp;&emsp;&emsp;Grand total
 * align="right"| 613,146
 * align="right"| 243,900
 * align="right"| 857,046
 * align="right"| 64,269
 * align="right"| 921,315
 * colspan="6"|
 * }
 * align="right"| 613,146
 * align="right"| 243,900
 * align="right"| 857,046
 * align="right"| 64,269
 * align="right"| 921,315
 * colspan="6"|
 * }
 * }

. The religious life of the United States has been profoundly affected by the fact that the period of the early settlement of this continent coincided with the great religious struggles in Europe of the seventeenth century. It was the reform within the Catholic Church, following the great Protestant schism, that started the Orders of that Church on their proselyting crusades, which from New Spain in the Southwest and New France in the North, extended into territory now embraced within the United States. The divisions among the Protestants themselves resulted in the planting of most of the English colonies, and determined that their future development should be along the line of multiplicity of sects, with extreme local independence. Puritanism, within and without the Established Church, was the prevailing influence among these colonists. In Virginia its influence was overthrown soon after the Cavalier immigration of the Cromwellian era. Maryland, settled under Catholic leadership, always retained a dominant Puritan element in its population. The same was true of the Carolinas, and later of Georgia, although, as in almost all the Southern colonies, the official class belonged to the Church of England. In New England for more than half a century

the Puritans, outside of Rhode Island, constituted a veritable theocracy, in which citizenship was synonymous with church membership. Those settlers who passed from New England to the other colonies usually bore with them a modified form of Puritanism, which reappeared in the early Presbyterian development of the middle colonies, and in the Baptist development farther south. The religious influence of the early Dutch settlers of New York was never very strong, and before the colony passed into English control it was known as a most mixed sectarian centre. In New Jersey and Pennsylvania the Quaker element, although early abdicating political control, continued to be the leading social factor.

Throughout the colonial period the Puritans exercised almost undisputed religious sway in New England, while members of the Established Church nominally did the same for the Southern colonies. In the middle colonies no one sect acquired a hegemony. Here the diversified English sects were quickly joined by Huguenots from France, Palatines, Salzburgers, and Moravians from Germany, Covenanters from Scotland, and the Scotch-Irish Presbyterians. To a much more limited extent many of these immigrants settled in the Carolinas and Georgia, but their chief irruption into the South was by the way of the