Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 19.djvu/731

* UNION. 6;i7 UNION LEAGUE CLUB. teenth century. Its municipal population in 1900 was 28,479. UNION, La. a province of Northern Luzon, Philippine Islands (Map: Philippines, E 3). Area, 807 square miles. The province is moun- tainous and forested, but much land is well cul- tivated, producing tobacco, rice, cotton, corn, sugar, and cacao, while stock-raising is also im- portant. A telegraph line, as well as the main highroad and projected railroad from Manila to Laoag. runs through the province. Population estimated in 1901 at 110.404, chiefly Ilocanos and Pangasinines. Capital, San Fernando (q.v.). UNION, La. A port of the Republic of Sal- vador and capital of the Department of La Union, situated at the southeastern extremity of the country, on an inlet of the Gulf of Fon- seca, and at the foot of the volcano of Pinos (Map: Central America, D 4). Population, 3000. U'NION CITY. The county-seat of Obion County, Tenn., 100 miles north by east of !Mem- phis; on the Nashville, Chattanooga and Saint Louis, and the Mobile and Ohio railroads (Map: Tennessee, B 4). It is important as a shipping point for farm produce, chiefly wheat, corn, and hay; and manufactures flour, brooms, mattresses, decoy ducks, and foundry and lumber products. The water-works and the electric light plant are owned by the municipality. Population, in 1890. 3441 ; in 1900, 3407. UNION COLLEGE. An institution of higher education at Schenectady, N. Y., incorporated in 1795. It was the second college incorporated in the State, and received its name from the co- operation of several denominations in its organi- zation. In 1830 a scientific course was estab- lished parallel with the classical course. The first engineering course in an American college was established here in 1845. The progressive policy of L'nion at this period was due chiefly to the genius of Dr. Eliphalct Nott, president from 1804 to 1806. The college fraternity system originated at Union (1825). In 1873 the Law School and Dudley Observatory in Albany were associated with Union College inider the corpo- rate title of Union University, and the Albany Course of Pharmacy was added in 1881. The degrees conferred in course are B.A., Ph.B., B.S., B.E., M.A., and M.S. The students in the college in 1903 numbered 220 and the faculty 24. The library contained 37.325 volumes, the endowment was $534,000, and the income .$02,840. UNION JACK. The combination of the national flags of England, Scotland, and Ire- land into a union flag, dating from April 12, 1005. when James I. ordered that the red cross of Saint George on a white field of England should be combined with the white saltire, or Saint Andrew's cross, of Scotland and flown by all British ships. Charles I. restricted the Union flag to royal ships, and on July 28, 1707, a 'red jack (flag) with a union jack' at the upper corner next to the staft" was duly pre- scribed as a merchant ensign. In 1801 the red diagonal cross of Saint Patrick was added for Ireland, being placed with the Saint Andrew's cross, the red and white alternately above. The union jack was originally carried in the main- top, and the separate flags of Scotland and England at the foretop, but it came to be a fundamental part of the national ensign, which in the navy difl'cred in color for the ditlerent divisions of the fleet. In 1804 it was deter- mined to use the white ensign for the royal navy, the blue ensign for naval reserve, royal yacht clubs, and various otlicial ships, and the red ensign and the union jack with a white border for the merchant marine, the latter flag being used as a signal for a jiilot or as a jack at the bowsprit. The union jack proper is flown at the bowsprit on a jackstaff by British naval vessels, and also occasionally as a personal flag, as at the main-topgallant mast- head for an admiral, or at the niizzen-topgal- lant masthead for the sovereign when abroad, or with the addition of emblems by various other officials. The union jack is also carried as one of the two regimental colors by British regiments. (See Colors.) In the United States the term 'union jack' is applied to a blue flag used by the navy, with white stars similar to the field of the national ensign and flown at a jackstaff at the bow when in port. (See Jack; also Flag, and Colored Plates of Flags.) For an interesting and detailed history of the 'union jack,: see Green, Archwological Journal (Lon- don, December, 1891); also Hulme, The Flags of the World (London, 1897). UNION LABEL. A trademark or adver- tisement owned and registered by a trade union and attached to articles of sale, signi- fying that they have been made in estiiblishments employing union labor only, and under condi- tions stipulated by the union. The label seems to have been first used by the California cigar- makers about 1874. It appeals with particular force to the more conservative trade-unionists, who praise it as a peaceable and inexpensive way of increasing the power of the unions ; they fre- quently describe it as 'the legal boycott.'" Its use is spreading rapidly. The American Federa- tion of Labor in 1003 recognized and indorsed at least 43 labels of different trades and three 'dis- play cards;' while a very large number of unions employ the common label of tlie American Federa- tion. In most States (32 in 1900) statutes im- pose penalties for counterfeiting the label or knowingly using a counterfeit. In several trades, e.g. cigarmakers, printing, and the hatters' trade, the label has become a factor of first im- portance. UNION LEAGUE CLUB OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK, The. One of the leading so- cial and political organizations of the L^nited States. It was incorporated l)y the New York State Legislature, February 1(5. 1805. The quali- fications for membership are L'nited States citi- zenship and absolute and unquestioned loyalty to the Government of the United States. The club has been a stronghold of Republicanism and its influence has been repeatedly exerted for the Republican Party in national and local elections. The number of annual resident members is limited to 1800, and 100 members constitute a quorum at all meetings. The club has quarters at Fifth Avenue and Thirty-ninth Street in New York City, containing a well-furnished library and art gallery. Total niembersliip .January 1, 1903. isro. Similar institutions of the same name and purposes have sprung up in other cities, notably in Philadelphia and Chicago.