Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 19.djvu/730

* UNIFORMS. 636 UNION. epaulets, cocked hat, sword, and full-dress belt. The undress A uniform consists of a double- breasted blue frock coat similar in cut to the civilian's coat, but having eighteen gilt buttons, nine each side, and with slioulder fixtures for epaiilets or shoulder-straps (the latter are worn with undress A) ; a blue waistcoat with seven gilt buttons, cap, sword, plain leather belt, and plain blue trousers. The service suit consists of a blue or white blouse with standing collar and trimmed with black braid; blue or white waist- coat with seven gilt buttons; plain blue or white trousers. The evening dress suit is similar in cut to the civilian evening dress suit, but the buttons are gilt and the coat is fitted with shoulder fixtures for epaulets; the waistcoat may be blue or white as ordered. The mess dress consists of the white mess jacket, cut like the evening dress coat without the tails, white waistcoat, and blue or white trousers. The various styles of uniform are made up from these. The special full dress is used on occasions of special ceremony. The full dress is used on less important occasions. It consists of the frock coat with epaulets, cocked hat, full- dress belt, and special full-dress trousers. The dress uniform, used for particular official calls, consists of frock coat, epaulets, cocked hat. plain belt, blue trousers. Undress A is used for ser- vice on courts-martial, reporting for duty, etc. Undress B differs from undress A only in omit- ting the sword and belt. It is used for ordinary official and semi-official calls, etc. Service dress is worn at all times when some other special uniform is not provided. The mess dress is worn at dinner when ordered. On all except white uniforms the rank of an officer is indicated by gold lace on the sleeve and devices on the collar, epaulet, shoulder strap, or shoulder mark. Ensigns and officers of that rank wear one stripe of half-inch gold lace; lieutenants of the Junior grade, a stripe /)f lialf- inch lace and a stripe of one-quarter inch lace above it: lieutenants, two stripes of half-inch lace; lieutenant-commanders, two stripes of half- inch lace and a stripe of one-quarter inch lace between them; commanders, three stripes of half- inch lace; captains, foiir stripes of half-inch lace; rear-admirals, one stripe of two-inch lace and one of half-inch lace above it; admiral, two stripes of two-inch lace and one stripe of half- inch lace between them. All officers of the line or executive branch wear a gold star on the sleeve above the lace. On the overcoat and white service coat the lace is worn on the shoul- der marks. The ornaments indicating rank, which are worn on the collar, epaulet, and shoulder strap, consist of the corps device and rank em- blem. The former consists of a silver foul anchor for line officers, sprig of silver oak leaves for pay corps, gold oak leaf and silver acorn for medical corps, one silver oak leaf and acorn for professors of mathematics, silver cross for chap- lains, two gold live-oak leaves and acorn for naval constructors, and the letters C. E. in silver for civil engineers. The rank emblem for an admiral is four silver stars with a gold foul anchor under the outer ones; for a rear-admiral, two silver stars and a silver foul anchor or other corps device between them ; for a captain, a silver eagle; for a commander, a silver oak leaf; for a lieutenant-commander, a sold oak leaf; for a lieutenant, two silver bars : for a lieutenant of the junior grade, one bar. Ensigns and officers of that rank wear only the corps device. hite uniforms are worn in hot weather. The overcoat is of the ulster type with very broad collar and black rubber buttons. Rank is indi- cated by the slioulder mark. Warrant officers wear no stripes on the sleeve, and no shoulder ornaments. The collar ornaments are crossed anchors for boatswains, a bursting shell for gun- ners, and a gold chevron for carpenters. When commissioned after ten years' service, chief war- rant officers wear a half-inch gold stripe and silver collar ornaments. The uniform of enlisted men consists of dress, undress, and working dress; each of these may be white or blue. Chief petty officers wear double- breasted blue or white coats with gilt buttons. Other enlisted men wear a blue shirt or white dress jumper for dress, with blue cloth trousers. Undress is merely less neat or new uniform, if blue; but white undress has a white collar in- stead of a blue one ; working dress is old blue or white uniform and is worn without a necker- chief. Rating badges for petty officers are worn upon the sleeve. Chief petty officers wear caps with visors and an ornament consisting of a gold foul anchor; other enlisted men wear round caps with a fiat top projecting beyond the band all around the head. UNIGENITUS. A Papal bull issued in 1713 condenniing the principles of Jansenism (q.v. ). UNIOTAK, oo'ne-nuik'. The largest and east- ernmost of the Aleutian Islands (Jlap: Alaska, Co). It is separated from the southwestern ex- tremity of the Alaska Peninsula by a narrow, very shallow, and unnavigable channel. It is 70 miles long; average breadth, 20 miles. It is bar- ren and mountainous, and contains two volcanoes, one of which, Sliishaldin, has an altitude of 8683 feet and is still active. There is a very scant population of Aleuts. UNIO. The type-genus of the family Unioni- dae, which contains the greater part of the fresh- water mussels (q.v.). UNION. See Tr.«e Unions. U'NION. A town in Hudson County. N. J., adjoining Weehawken and West Hoboken ; on the Erie, the West Shore, and the New York. Sus- quehanna and Western railroads (Jlap: New Jersey, D 2). It is of considerable importance as an industrial centre, being interested largely in the manufacture of silk goods. There are also breweries and a shirt factorv. Population, in ISOO. 10,643; in 1900, 15,187.' UNION. The county-seat of Union County, S. C. (>.> miles northwest of Columbia ; on the Southern Railway (Map: South Carolina, C 2). It is the commercial centre of a farming and cot- ton-growing region, which also has large lumber and fruit interests. There are cotton mills, a cot- tonseed-oil mill, knitting mills, etc. The water- works and the electric light plant are owned by the municipality. Population, in 1890, 1609; in 1900. :i40n. UNION, oo'ne-on'. La. A town of INIurcia, Spain, near the ilediterr.inean coast, five miles east of Cartagena (Map: Spain. E 4). The country is a mineral region, producing iron, man- ganese, sulphur, and carbonate of lead. The town was founded in the second half of the nine-