Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 19.djvu/715

* UMA. 621 UMBILICAL HERNIA. exchanged for Vishnu (q.v.), when, in his in- carnation as Krishna, he was born as a son of Devaki. On that occasion she was killed by Kansa, and liccanie a divine virgin, to whom the gods addressed their praises, wlience she was called Kanya, or Kviniari, the virgin. The principal myths concerning her were her destruction of the demons Jladhu, Kaitabha, and Mahisha. or JIahishasura, her defeat of the army of Chanda and Minida, two demon ser- vants of Sumbha and Nisunibha, and her destruc- tion of the demons Raktavija, Sumbha, and Nisunddia. In eomnienioration of her victory over JIahishasura, a festival called the Durga- puja, or Durgntsava, is annually celebrated in Bengal. Tliree weeks later another festival, the Kalipuja, is held in honor of lier destruction of Chanda and JIunda. In her aspect of Uma, Parvati, and Devi, this deity is essentially be- nignant. As Kali or Durga, however, she is malignant. She dwells with Siva on Mount Kai- lasa, a peak of the Himalayas. Consult: Moor. Hindu Panlbeon (London. 1810) : Muir. Oriqinal Sanskrit Texts, vol. iv. (2d ed., ib.. 1873) ; "Wil- kins, Hindu Miiflinloii/l ( ib., 1900) . See I'aifuli in the Plate of Hi^DU Deities with India. TJMAN, o<3-man'. A Russian town in the Government of Kiev, on the L^manka, 170 miles south of Kiev (ilap: Russia, Do). It has two palaces belonging to the Counts Potocki. Popu- lation, in 1807, 28,628, of whom about three- fourths were .Tews. U'MATIL'LA. A tribe of Shahaptian stock (q.v.) formerly occupying the country about the junction of the Umatilla and the Columbia in northeastern Oregon, and now gathered with the Caj'use and Wallawalla upon a reservation in the same neighborhood. Like all the tribes of the same region, they subsisted originally on fish, game, roots, and berries, and did not practice agriculture. They were visited by Lewis and Clark in 1804; and about forty years afterwards by .lesuit missionaries, by whom some were converted and civilized. By a treaty of 1855 they agreed to come upon their present reserva- tion. In 100.3 they numbered only about 180. UMBA'GOG LAKE. One of the Rangeley Lakes (q.v.). TJMBALLA, um bal'l.a. The capital of a dis- trict in the Punjab. India. See Ambala. UMBEL. A form of inflorescence (q.v.). UMBELLIFER.a; (Neo-Lat. nom. pi., from Lat. umhiUa, umbrella, umbel, diminutive of umbra, shadow, shade -|- ferre, to bear). The Par.sley Family. A large and important natu- ral order of dicotyledonous hei'bs and a few shrubs containing aliout 200 genera and 1500 species generally characterized by the inflores- cence, an umbel which is often compound. The species abound chiefly in the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. They generally have divided or compound, rarely simple, leaves, and usually abound in a resinous secretion, and vola- tile oils, on account of which many are reputed poisonous. Acridity is their general character- istic. Some are pleasantly aromatic, others have a powerful and disagreeable smell. In the roots of some, especially when enlarged by cultivation, starch and sugar are stored, so that they become useful for food. The systematic arrangement of the I'nibellifera' has been found difficult by bot- anists. .Si)rengel, De CandoUe, Koch, and others have devoted much attention to this order. The North American siiecies have been described by Coulter and Ro.se. Kngler divides the genera into three suborders: Hetcrosciadiea'. Haplozy- gieie, and Diplozygieie, with nine tribes. Th% genera of economic importance include, Daucus, Pastinaea, Apiuin, Crithmuni, Foeniculum, Carum, Ferula, Coriandrum, Pimpinella. Petro- selinum, Areliangeliea, etc. Of succulent -rooted Umbellifera- the carrot and parsnip are the best known examples. .Skirret. earthnut ( Vunopodium I , and arracacha are also of some value. The roots of Anncsorliiza cajxiisis and Canini rapciise are used as e.sculents at the Cape of (iood Hope. The roots of Cliaruiilnilliint tiilxrosuni. or sham, are used in the Himalayas. The herbage of Prangos pabniaria is used in the temperate parts of the Ea.st Indies for feeding cattle, and made into hay tor winter fodder. The blanched stems of celery, enlarged by cultivation, are a favorite salad, and those of alexanders {Smyrniiim olusatrum) w^re formerly used in the same way. The candied stalks of eryngo were once much esteemed, and those of angelica are still used. The leaves of parsley, chervil, fennel, etc., and the seeds of anise, caraway, coriander, etc., are used for flavoring. Lovage (Levisficum of- ficinale) is sometimes cultivated as a salad plant. UMBER (from Fr. ombre, from Lat. umbra, shadow, shade). A mineral pigment resembling ochre, but differing from true ochre in containing some oxide of manganese. It is soft, earthy, and of a dark brown color. It occurs at many locali- ties in Europe, notably in the island of Cyprus, and is also mined in Illinois, Pennsylvania, Georgia, and New York. Raw umber yields a brown paint, while burnt umber has a redder tinge. Both are stable and can be mixed with water or oil. See Mixekal P.int.s ; Ociire. UMBILICAL CORD (from Lat. umbilicus, navel; connected with Ok. SfiifiaKos, omphalos, Olr. imhlin, OHG. nabalo, Ger. Xabel. AS, nafcla, Eng. narcl). or N.4.VEL String. The bond of communication between the foetus (which it en- ters at the umbilicus, or navel) and the placenta, which is attached to the inner surface of the maternal womb. It consists of the umbilical vein lying in the centre, and the two umbilical arteries winding from left to right round the vein. Contrary to the usual cour.se, the vein conveys arterial blood to the foetus, and the arteries return venous blood to the placenta. These vessels are imbedded in a yellow gelatinous matter, known from its first describer (in 1659) as the jelly of Wharton. Nerve filaments have been traced into the cord ; but the presence of lymphatics is doubtful. The whole is invested by a membrane (the amnion), and its ordinary length is about 20 indies. As soon as a child is born, and its respiration fairly establislied, the umbilical cord is tied, and divided near the navel, which spontaneously closes, the fragment of cord dying away. See PffiTl'S and Placenta. UMBILICAL HERNIA. The term applied to the jirotrusion of intestine at the navel or umbilicus. It is of most frequent occurrence shortly after birth ; but it is not uncommon in women who have been frequently pregnant. If the hernia is reducible, and the patient an infant, the ordinary course of treatment is, after return-