Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 19.djvu/710

* ULEXITE. 616 XJLM. ULEXITE (named in honor of G. L. Vlex, a German chemist). A hydrated sodium and calcium borate that occurs in rounded masses, consisting of fine fibres. It has a silky lustre, and is white. It is found in Chile, Argentina, and on the West African coast ; also in Esmer- alda County, Nevada, and at several localities in Inyo, Kern, and San Bernardino counties, Cali- fornia. It is an important source of borax. ULFELDT, ool'felt, Korfiz, Count (1606- 64 ). A Danish adventurer. Through marriage with Leonora Christina, the natural daughter of King Christian IV., he rose to high office, being made Governor of Copenhagen and royal steward (1643). He retained his influence after the ac- cession of Frederick III., the enmity of whose Queen, however, forced him in 1653 to flee to Sweden. In 16.57 he fought against his native country, and by the Treaty of Roeskilde (1658) was restored to his estates. After many vicissi- tudes he died a fugitive near Basel, February 20, 1664. His wife was kept a prisoner at Copen- hagen from 1663 to 1685, and wrote an account of her captivity in Jamtners ilinde, a notable specimen of Danish prose. She died in 1698. Consult Ziegler, Denkwiirdigkeiten der Griifin Leonora Chriatina, cerimihltcn- Griipn Ulfeldt (Vienna, 1879). TIL'FILAS, Gothic WULFILA (little wolf) (C.311-C.381). Bishop of the Goths, and trans- lator of the Bible into Gothic. He was born in Dacia. Tradition relates that his ancestors were Cappadocian Christians who had been taken captive by the Goths and had lived many years among them. Early in life he was a lector or reader of the Scriptures among his countrymen, and in 34) he was consecrated Bishop of the West Goths by Eusebius of Nicomedia (q.v.) at a Synod at Antioch. He was then and for the remainder of his life an Arian. For seven years he worked with nuich success as a missionary north of the Danube. In 348 the persecution of a heathen chief induced Ulfilas and his flock to emigrate, and. with the consent of the Emperor Constantine, they settled in Jloesia, in Byzan- tine territory south of the Danube. For more than thirty years Ulfilas continued his activity as the apostle to the Goths; he died at Con- stantinople, whither he had been summoned by the Emperor, probably in 381. Ulfilas had a good knowledge of Greek, Latin, and Gothic, and preached and wrote in all three languages. He is remembered chiefly for his translation of the Bible, which marks not only the beginning of Christianity among his people, but of Germanic literature as well. His plan is said to have in- cluded the entire Bible with the exception of the Books of Kings, which he thought contained too much about wars for the good of his fierce coun- trymen. The portions of his work which have been preserved are most of the four Gospels, the Second Epistle to the Corinthians, and other fragments, comprising the greater portion of the New Testament: of tlie Old Testament, portions of the Books of Nehemiah and Genesis only. The chief manuscript is the so-called Codex Argenteus, written with silver letters on purple parchment and now in the library of the University of Upsala. Editions of all the fragments have been published by Von der Gabelenz and Lobe (3 vols., Leipzig, 1843-46) ; Uppstrora, Codex Argenteus, in facsimile (Upsala, 1854-57) ; Fragmenta (lutliica Helecta (ib., 1861) ; Codices Gothici Am- hrusiani (Stockholm, 1868) ; Bernhardt (Halle, 1875); and Heyne (9th ed., Paderburn. 1896). For the life of Ulfilas consult Waitz (Hanover, 1840), Bessell (Gottingen, 1860), and Scott (Cambridge, 1885). XTLLMANN, ul'miin, Karl (1796-1865). A German Protestant theologian. He was born at Epfenbach, Bavaria, and studied theolog' at Heidelberg and Tiibingen. He was appointed professor at Heidelberg in I82I. In connection with L'mbreit he established in 1828 the Theolo- gische titudien itnd Kritiken. He was professor at Halle, 1829-36, after which he returned to Heidelberg. He was president of the supreme ecclesiastical council of Baden, 1856-61. His most important works were Gregor von Nazians (1825: 2d ed. 1867) ; Die Reformatoren vor der Reformation (1841: 2d ed. 1866); Ueber die Siindlosigkeit Jesii (7th ed. 1863) ; Da-s Vi'esen des Christentlmms (5th ed. 1865), all of which were translated into English. Consult his Life by Beyschlag (Gotha, 1867). TJLLOA, ul-yo'a, Antonio de (1716-95). A Spanish statesman and scientist, born at Seville. He entered the Spanish navy, and in 1735 ac- companied to South America the French scien- tific expedition sent out to measure a degree of the meridian at the equator. He became rear- admiral in 17G0, came to Louisiana as Governor in 1764, and was made lieutenant-general of the naval forces in 1770. He was sent on a secret expedition against Florida, but his zeal as naturalist made him forget his sealed orders and brought him before a court martial (1780). He -was acquitted, but lived in retirement. He wrote Relacion historica del riaje a la America meridioiinl { 1748). TJLLS'WATER. The largest of the English lakes, after Windermere, lying between the coun- ties of Cumberland and Westmoreland, 10 miles east of Keswick (Map: England. D 2). Length, 8% miles: breadth, % to % mile. Its scenery is rugged and grand, and one of its chief features is Helvellyn, which rises 3118 feet at the south- west extremity. XJLM, ulm. A city of the Kingdom of Wiirt- temberg, Germany, and an important Imperial fortress, situated at the junction of the lUer and the Blau with the Danube, which here becomes navigable, 43 miles west of Augsburg (Map: Germany, C 4 ). Two bridges unite the city with New Ulm, a village on the Bavarian side of the Danube. The streets are narrow. The minster, which is a Protestant church, is the most important and beautiful example of late Gothic architecture in Germany, and is next to the Cathedral of Cologne the largest church in that countrv. It is 407 feet in length. 159 feet in breadth, and the spire (finished 1890), 530 feet high, is the highest in the world. The building was begun in 1377, and finished with the ex- ception of the spire in 1494. The leading in- dustries are flax, cotton, and woolen weaving; bleaching: the manufacture of paper, leather, and mixed fabrics; beer-brewing, ship-building, book-printing, etc. Ulm is famed for ornamental pipe bowls, its pastry, called Ulmer bread, and its trimmed lumber. Population, in 1895. 39.- 300; in 1900, 42,860. Ulm was a free Imperial