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* UHDE. 613 UIGURS. enua Museum). Consult the monographs by Liicke (Leipzig, 18S7). Graul (Vienna, 1S93), Bicrbaum (Munieli. 1S93), Meissner (Berlin, 1900). and Ostini (Bielefeld, 1902). UHLAND, ou'liint, LuuwiG (1787-182). A distinguished German poet, philologist, and lit- erary historian. Born at Tiibingen. April 2(i, 1787, he studied jurisinudence there, in 1802-08, at the same time cultivating mediieval literature, especially old German and French poetry, the study of which he subsequently pursued for eight months in Paris. On his return he began the practice of law at Stuttgart, worked in the Min- istry of .Justice, and when in 181.5 W'iirtteniberg was to be granted a new constitution, his lyrics in praise of liberty were received with enthu- siasm. As a member of the Legislature from 1819 to 1839 he sided with the opposition. In 1848 he was elected to the German National As- sembly, but in 18.50 retired from political life and settled at Tiibingen. devoting himself hence- forth exclusively to liis literary pursuits. From 1829 to 1833 lie had held the professorship of German literature at the University of Tiibingen. As a lyric poet L'hland is remarkable for truth and simplicity of sentiment and his picturesque view of nature. His l>anads and romanees rank among the most precious ideal treasures of the German nation. During all his early life he labored to revive medieval forms of [joetry, espe- cially the ballad, with an interest born of inti- mate knowledge and careful study. None has caught the spirit of the old folk-song so fully as he. Of his songs the most universally popular are "Der Wirtin Tiichterlein" and "Der gute Kamerad:" of the ballads. ''Das Schloss am Meer," "Das Gliick von Edenhall," "Des Gold- schmieds Tiichterlein." "Roland Schildtriiger," "Der schwarze Ritter." and "Des Siingers Finch" are in all anthologies. He was the first of the 8wabian school of poets who .sought to combine a classic purity of style with brevity and vigor, and to interpenetrate all with romantic sentiment. Al- though poetically efl'ective, his glorifications of German faith, the dramas Ernst, ner::og von Sclnrahen (1817), and Lntltrig der Bai/er (1819) lack the power of dramatic action and had only moderate success. As a Germanic and Romance philologist, Uhland nwist be counted among the founders of that science. Besides the treatise Vcber das nltfranzosische Epos (1812) and an essay Ziir (leschichte der Freischiesseii (1828), there are to be especially mentioned Walther von der Vopelireide, ein altdeutscher Dichter (1822) : Der Mythus von Tlwr (1836). the result of the most painstaking original investigation ; and the masterly collection Alte hoch-tmd niederdeutsche Volhslieder (1S44-4.5: .3d od. 1892). His poetical works were repeatedly published as Gedichte und Drainen. while his scientific work is embodied in Schriftcn ;»;• Geschichle der Dichttinq und Haqe, edited by Holland, Keller, and PfeifTer (180.5-72). For his biography, consult: Pfeiffer (Vienna. 1802), Xotter (Stuttgart. 1803), .Talin (Bonn. 1803). Dederich (Gotha. 1880), Holland (Tii- bingen. 1886i. and Fischer (Stuttgart, 1887): also JIayer. Ludirirj Chland, seine Freunde und Zeitgenossen (ib., 1807). and LudiHg Vhlnnds Leben-. Aus dessen Sachlass un4 aus eigener Erinneriing ziisnmniengestellt von seiner Wittwe (ib., 1874). UHLAND, WiLHELM Heinrich (1840—). A (iernian engineer and writer on technology, born in Xordheim, W'iirtteniberg. In 180.5 he fonndeil the Technikum -Mittweida, tlic first private insti- tution for the instruction of machinists, and in 18CS organized the Technikum Frankenberg, near Chenuiitz. He invented numerous improvements in the manufacture of starch, and contributed other inventions to various industries which have found extensive ajiplication throughout the world. He founded and became editor of the periodical Der iiriiktisclir Maschinen-Conslniclcur. and wrote: Handbuch fiir den praktischen Maschinen- Conslructeur (1883) : Skizzenbuch fiir den prak- tischen Maschinen-Constructeiir (10 vols., 1807- 9.5) : Die Corliss- und Ventildfimpfmnscliinrn ( 1879) ; Die Telephon^inlage^i (1881) ; Dampfma- schincn mit Schiebcrsleiieningi 1881 ) ; Die Woolf- schen und Compounddampfmaschinen (1882); Die Hcbeapparate (1882-83); Das eUktrische Licht und die elektriscke Beleuchtung (1884); Die Broibiickerci, liiskuit- und Teigwarenfabri- kation (1885). UHLICH, oo'liK, Lebekecht (1799-1872). One of the founders of the German 'Free Congrega- tions' (q.v.). He was born at Kothen, Anbalt, studied at Halle, and served as pastor in various places till 1847, when he withdrew from the Evangelical Church, and theneefoi^h was preacher of the Free Congregation at Magdeburg. In 184! he became the leader of the 'Protestant Friends,' or 'Friends of Light.' His liberal views fre- quently involved him in difficulties with the authorities. He published Bekenntnisse (4th ed. 1840) ; Christentum und Kirche (2d ed. 1846) ; Die Throne im Hiinmel und auf Erden (1845); Handbiichlein der freien Ueligion (7th ed. 1889). His autobiography appeared at Gera in 1872. UHRICHSVILLE, u'riksvil. A city in Tuscarawas County. Oliio, 41 miles nortliwest of Wheeling, W. Va. ; on Big Stillwater Creek, and on the Pittsburg, Cincinnati, Chicago and Saint Louis and the Baltimore and Ohio railroads (Map: Ohio, H 5). It derives considerable com- mercial importance from its situation in a farm- ing and stock-raising section, and has several large sewer-pipe and fireclay plants. Population, in 1890, 3842; in 1900, 4582. UIGURS. A people of Eastern Turkestan, and of Turkic stock. They founded the powerful kingdom of Hiong-Nu, which reached its zenith in the first century A.n., when it was divided into a northern and a southern emjiire. The latter was destroyed by the Tunguses in the third cen- tury, whereupon the southern Uigurs retreated to the west and founded the empire of the Huns (q.v.). In the eighth century the northern Ui- gurs founded a kingdom which was destroyed by the Kirghizes. In the fifth century A.I), their cul- ture, developed on the slopes of the Tian Slian, was in a flourishing condition, and about this time they underwent considerable Buddhistic and Chinese influence, their religion having already been modified to some extent by Xestorian Chris- tians, from whom they adopted the traces of Zoroastrianism also present among them. But they finally adopted the faith of Islam, and have been modified in blood anil other cliaracteristics by more recent Mongol-Chinese, .^rab. and Turkic elements. The vicissitudes of time have deprived.