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* TYRT^US. 605 TZINTZUNZAN. tradition, however, is only the invention of a late time. Tyrta'us was no doubt a Spartan, or an Ionian who had moved to Sparta. By his poems he aroused the Spartans and led them to victory over their foes. The fragments of his work are publislied by Berjik. I'octw Lyrici OrtFci. 4th ed., vol. ii. (Leipzig, 1882). TYR'WHITT, Richard St. John (1827-95). An English art-writer. He graduated at Christ Church, O.xford, in 1849, and was a tutor from 1852 to 185G. Ordained in the English Church, he was vicar of Saint Mary Magdalen at Oxford from 1858 to 1872. Tyrwhitt had an uncommon artistic insight and exhibited several water col- ors. But a lack of technical training led him to forego original painting for the interpretation of the work of others. Among his works are: Concerniiiti Clerical Poiccrs and Diitu's (1861) ; Christian Art and Symbolism, irith Hints on the Study of Landscape (1872) ; The Art Teaching of the Primitive Church (1874); (Ireck and Gothic: Progress and Decay in the Three Arts of Architecture. Sculpture, and Painting (1881) ; An Amateur Art Book: Lectures (1886). He also published a novel and a volume of verse called Free Field Lyrics (1888). TYRWHITT, Thomas (1730-86). An Eng- lish scholar, born in London. He was educated at Eton and at Queen's College, O.xford, where he graduated in 1750. Five years later he was elected fellow of Merton, and called to the bar at the Middle Temple; but he never practiced the law. From 1756 to 1762 he was Deputy Secretary of War. and from 1762 to 1768 clerk of the House of Commons. Both of these po- sitions he resigned, for they interfered with his studies. Tj'rwhitt is now best known for his edition of Chaucer's Canterbury Tales (4 vols., 1775; 5th vol. 1778). He also punctured the. Chatterton bubble (1778 and 1782). His classi- cal scholarship is represented by a dissertation on Babrius (1776) and an edition of Aristotle's Poetics (posthumous, 1794). TYTLER, tit'ler, Alexander Eraser ( 1747- 1813). A Scotch historical writer, and a judge of the Court of Session in Scotland under the title of Lord Woodhouselee. He was born in Ed- inburgh, where he was educated. In 1770 he was called to the Scottish bar. In 1780 he became pro- fessor of history in the University of Edinburgh ; in 1790, judge-advocate of Scotland; and in 1802 he was raised to the bench of the Court of Ses- sion. His writings include a biography of Henry Home, Lord Kames ( 1807 ) ; The Decisions of the Court of Session : and the work by which he was long known, Elements of General History (1801). TYTLER, P.TRICK Fraser (1791-1849). A Scotch historical writer, born in Edinburgh, the fourth son of Alexander Fraser Tytler, Lord Woodhouselee. He was educated partly in Edinburgh, partly in England, and was called to the Scottish bar in 1813. Three years later he was appointed King's counsel, but de- voted himself chiclly to the production of various literary and historical works, the most valuable of which is his History of Scotland ( 1828- 43 ), beginning at the accession of Alex- ander III. and terminating at the union of the crowns— a book of more original research than any preceding work on the same subject. His writings also include Life of James Crichton of Cluny, commonly called the Admirable Crkhton (1819) ; Life and Writings of Sir Thomas Craig of liiccarton (1823); Life of John Wictiff (1826); Liccs of Scotti.nh M'orthies (1831- 33); Historical View of the Progress of Discovery on the More Northern Coasts of Amer- ica (1832) ; Life of Sir Walter Haleigh (1833) ; Life of King Henry VIII. (1837) ; and England Under the lieigns of Edward 17. and Mary, with the contemporary history of Europe (1839). In consideration of his merits as an historian. Sir Robert Peel's (iovernment conferred on him a pension of £200 a year. Consult Burgon, Life of Patrick Fra.ser Tytler (London, 18.'>9). TYUMEN, tyoo-man'y'. A town in Siberia. See TllMEN. TZANA, tsil'na, TANA, or DEMBEA. A lake in Abyssinia, situated between 1 1 ' 35' and 12° 16' north latitude, at a height of nearly 6000 feet, and occupying an area of 1150 square miles (Map: Africa, H 3). It is surrounded by vol- canic mountains, and receives over thirty alHu- ents, and discharges its waters through the Uluc Nile. It contains a number of inhabited islets. TZENTAL, tsen'tal. An ancient cultured nation of Mayan stock, occupying a large part of the States of Tabasco and Northern Chiapas, in Mexico. Their traditional culture hero was Votan. who was said to have built the great ruins at Palenque (q.v.). in Chiapas, and their general civilization resembled that of the Maj'a and other cognate tribes. They still constitute an im))or- tant part of the population of their ancient ter- ritory. TZETZES, tset'sez, Johannes (Lat., from Gk. 'I(jQii'7/f TCe'Cw) (twelfth century a.d. ). A Byzantine author and grammarian, who do- voted himself to classical Greek literature. He was author of a large number of works, both prose and verse, which are excessively dull and show not a trace of literary genius, but have considerable value as sources of classical infor- mation not available elsewhere. His principal writings are his poems Iliaca, which included the Ante-Homerica, Homerica, and Post-Homerica,, and dealt with the entire Trojan tradition, and are best edited by Bekker (Berlin. 1816). His Chiliades, his most comprehensive work, is a di- dactic poem in 12,674 verses, which is divided into sixty chapters, treating of mythological, lit- erary, and historical miscellanies. Tliis huge work was provided by its author with ex- planatory scholia; it was edited by Kicssling (Leipzig, 1826). Other works of his are: a col- lection of 107 letters, his Scholia to Hesiod, Aris- tophanes, Lycophron's Alexandra, Oppian's Ha- lieutica, and many other works of minor import- ance. His elder brother, Isaak Tzetzes, was prob- ably associated with him in preparing certain of his commentaries, and devoted himself particu- larly to the study of metric. There is extant ii long poem on the Metres of Pindar, which is ed- ited bv Cramer in his Anecdota Parisina, vol. i. (1839). TZINTZUNZAN, chln'choon-chiin. A town of the State of Michoacfin. Mexico. 32 miles west of Morelia, on Lake Patzcuaro. It is celebrated for its church containing a painting supposed to be an Entombment, by Titian, which is wor- shiped by the people.