Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 19.djvu/679

* TYLER. 587 TYLER. corporatej about 1850. Population, in 1890, eaOS; in I'JOO, 80(i!l. TYLER, Bennet (1783-1858). A Con,s;rpga- tional minister. He was born at Jlidilk'bury, Conn., graduated at Yale College 1804, and was ordained pastor of the Congregational Church, South Britain, Conn., 1808; he was president of Dartmouth College, 1822-28; and pastor of Second Church, Portland, He.. 1828-33. In the following year he became president and professor of thi'- ology in a theological seminary at East Windsor (removed to Hartford, 18G5). This position he held until his death. He pul)lished: Hisluiij of the Ncir Haven Theology ( 1837) ; Memoir of Rev. Asahel Xettlcton (1844) ; Treatise on the Huffer- ings of Christ (1845); A Treatise on Xeiv Eng- land Revivals (1846) ; Letters to Dr. H. Bnshnell on Christian Xuriure (1847-48, 2 series); Lec- tures on Thcoloyii (posthumous, with memoirs by his son-in-law, Kev. Dr. Xahum Eale, Boston, 1859). TYLER, Daniel (1799-1882). An American engineer and soldier, born at Brooklyn, Conn. He graduated in 1819 at the United States Mili- tary Academy, and in 1824-20 served at the Fortress Jlonroe School of Artillery Practice. In 1828-29 he was in France, studying artil- lery methods, in 1830-34 was on ordnance duty, and in the latter year resigned. He was contract- ing engineer and president of several railways until the Civil War, when he became colonel of the First Connecticut Volunteers, and was soon afterwards commissioned brigadier-general. Hav- ing been mustered out, he was in 1862 reappoint- ed with rank of brigadier-general, and partici- pated in the Mississippi campaign and the siege of Corinth. In 1803 he commanded the Union forces at Harper's Ferry and Maryland Heights. TYLER, John (1790-1862). The tenth President of the United States. He was born at Greenway, in Charles City County, Virginia, March 29, 1790. He was the son of .Judge John Tyler, who was Speaker of the Virginia House of Delegates, Governor of Virginia, and at different times a judge of the State and Federal courts. The son graduated at William and Jlary College in 1807; was admitted to the bar in 1809: and became a member of the Legislature in 1811, where he acted with the Republicans and sup- ported the war with Great Britain. He was con- tinuously elected to the Legislature five times in succession until 1816, when he was chosen to Congress. In the House of Representatives, during the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Congresses, he acted with the States-Rights Republicans, con- demned General Jackson's course in Florida, and opposed the United States Bank and the Missouri Compromise. In 1825 he was elected Governor of Virginia by the Legislature, and was unanimous- ly reelected the following year. At the close of his second term as Governor he was elected over John Randolph to the United States Senate, in which he opposed the tariff measures of 1828 and 1832. opposed nullification, but condemned .Jack- son's nullification proclamation, although he sup- ported .Jackson for the Presidency in 1832 and stood alone among the Senators in voting against the 'Force Bill' of 1833. He was reelected to the Senate for a second term, and in 1834 made a re- port censuring President .Jackson for removing V3L. XIX.— 38. the deposits from the United States Bank, ami voted for Clay's resolution of censure against the President. Having subsequently been instructed by the Legislature of Virginia to vote for the ex- punging of the resolution of censure, he refused to obey the instructions, and in February, 183(i. resigned his seat and retired to private life. Tyler was one of the leading members of the new Whig Party, and was one of the unsuccessful candi- dates for the Vice-Presidency in 1836. In 1840 he was elected Vice-President on the Whig ticket with General W. H. Harrison (q.v. ). President Harrison died April 4, 1841, one month after his inauguration, and was succeeded by Tyler, who completely broke with the party that had elected him. He vetoed the bill to recharter the Bank of the United States, and when it was modified partly in accordance with his suggestions and re- passed he vetoed it again. The bill to revise the tariff met a similar fate. Thereupon, on Sep- tember II, 1841, all the members of the Cal>iiict except Webster, who was then engaged in negoti- ations with Great Britain concerning the boin- dary between the United States and Canada, re- signed, and a year later 'ebster followed. Short- ly thereafter some of the leading Whigs issued a l)ublic address declaring that "all political con- nection with them and John Tyler was at an end from that day henceforth." The chief events of Tyler's administration were the conclusion of the Webster-Ashburton Treaty (q.v.) with Great Britain and the annexation of Texas. At the close of his term T.vler retired to his estate in Charles City County, Va.. where he remained un- til 1861, when he was called out to preside over the Peace Convention at Washington. Failing in his efforts at compromise, he gave his adhesion to the Confederate cause, voted for secession in the Virginia convention, served in the Confed- erate Provisional Congress, and was elected to the Confederate House of Representatiies, but died at Richmond, January 18, 1862. before he could take his seat. For his biography and that of liis father, consult: The Letters and Times of tlic Tylers (Richmond, 1884-85), written by his son, Lyon G. Tyler. For a more detailed account of the events of his administration, see the section on Eistory in the article United States. TYLER, Lyon Gardiner (185.3—). An American educator, son of President Tyler, born at Sherwood Forest, Va. He graduated in 1875 at the University of Virginia, studied law. and from 1877 to 1879 was professor of belles-lettres at William and Mary College. In 1879-82 he was principal of Memphis Institute, in 1882-88 prac- ticed law at Richmond, Va., and in 1887 was a member of the Virginia House of Delegates. In 1888 he became president of William and Mary College. His publications include The Letters and Times of the Tylers (1884-85) and Parties and Patronage in the United States (1890). TYLER. Moses Coit ( 1 83.5- 1 900). An American literary historian and educator, born at Oris wold. Conn. His parents removed to Michi- gan, where he began his education. He graduated at Yale in 1857 and, after studying theology there and at Andover, took charge of Congrega- tional churches at Owego and then at Pough- keepsie. N. Y. Broken down by over-study, he resigned the latter charge in 1862 and went to England, where he spent four years recuperating,