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* TYBUKN. 586 TYLEB. at the western extremity of Oxford Street, and at the point where the Edgeware and Ux- bridge roads unite, almost where the JMarble Arch now stands. It took its name from a small stream which ran from Hampstead to the Tliames through Saint James's Park, but which has long since disappeared. The gallows was a per- manent erection, resting on three posts. Wooden galleries were erected near it for the accommoda- tion of spectators. The criminal was conveyed from Newgate (q.v.) to Tyburn, a distance of about two miles, by Holborn and the Tybuin Road, now Oxford Street. As Oxford Street and London generally spread westward, the long pro- cession became "inconvenient, and the place of execution was, in 1783, removed to the Old Bai- ley, or Newgate. Under a Parliamentary statute prosecutors who secured a capital conviction against a criminal were exempted from all man- ner of parish and ward "offices within the parish in which the felonv had been committed," and obtained what was called a 'Tyburn ticket,' which was enrolled with the clerk of the peace, and sold like any other property. The privileges the tickets conferred were greatly valued, as they sold at a high price. TYCHO BRAHE, te'ko bril'e or bra. See Bbaue. TYCHO'NITJS (7-C.400). A Donatist writer. He was born in Africa, headed a party among the Donatists, and defended their position. Of his writings those of most interest are his biblical works, a commentary on the Reve- lation and especially his Liher RcguUirum. The latter has been edited by F. C. Burkitt, The Book of Rules of Ttjchoiiius' (Cambridge, 1894), and has great interest as the first attempt at a sys- tem of hermcneutics. TYCHSEN, tlK'sen, Olaus Gerhard (1734- 1815). A German Semitic scholar. He was born at Tondern. Schleswig, studied at Halle, and taught in the orphan asylum there. In 1759-60 he traveled throvigh Germany and Denmark as a missionary to the .Tews. In 17fiO he went to the newly founded University of Biitzow, where he was professor of Oriental languages from 1763 till the iniiversity was closed in 1789. He then became librarian at Rostock. Tychsen is espe- cially noted for his knowledge of Rabbinic litera- ture and .Jewish history and for his work in Arabic paleography; he also attempted to deci- pher the cuneiform inscriptions. He published B-iifzowische Xebenstundcn (1766-69); Physio- logus Syrus (1795); Historia Monetce Arabiw (l797); and Tractatiis de Legnlibus Arahum Ponderibus ac Mensuris (1800), the treatise of Makrizi. For his biography, consult Hartmann (Bremen, 1818-20). TYCOON, or TAIKXTN, ti'koon' (Jap. tai- kun, great prince, from Chin. ta. great + kiun. prince). A title formerly applied to the Shogun of Japan by foreigners. ' It dates from the early days of Occidental intercourse with the Japanese people. TYIVEUS (Lat., from Gk. Ti'<5f if). In Greek mythology, son of (Eneus and Pcriboea. As a re- sult of a murder he was forced to flee from his father's kingdom of Calydon and married Deipyle, daughter of Adrastus, King of Argos. He went with Adrastus against Thebes, where he slew Melanippus, who had wounded him. When Athena came to him with a remedy which would have made him immortal, Amphiarus brought him the head of Melanippus. Tydeus devoured a part of it, and llie goddess, in disgust, abandoned him. TYE, CiiRi.STOPiiER (c.1407-1572). An Eng- lish organist and composer of considerable note in the sixteenth centur)-. He became a chorister, and in 1530 a gentleman of the Chapel Royal, and attained so high a reputation that he was chosen as instructor in music to Edward 'l. before his accession, and probably to the other children of Henry VIII. He received the degree of Doc. Mus. from Cambridge in 1545, while probaldy organist of Ely Cathedral. Under Elizabeth he was organist of the Chapel Royal, and produced many services and anthems, some of which continue to be sung in England. Some of them show a marked originality and variety of treatment, especially the anthem which is considered his best work, "I Will Exalt Thee." The mass, ''Euge bone." is an admirable piece of contrapuntal writing. He also translated the first half of the Acts of the Apostles into English verse, and then set it to music of generally ex- cellent quality. He seems to have taken orders and to liave lield two or three parishes in the neighborhood of Cambridge. TY'EKMAN, Luke (1820-89). An Englisl, Wesleyan minister and author. He was born at Osmotherly, Yorkshire. England, entered the ministry in 1842, and continued to preach until 1804, when he retired and devoted himself to literary work. He published: The Life and Times of Rev. Samuel Wesley (1866): The Life and Times of Rev. John Wesley (1870) ; The Oxford Methodists (1873); The Life of Rev. George Whitefield (1870); Wesley's Designated ftue- cessor; the Life, Letters, and Literary Labors of Rev. John William Fletcher (1883). TYLDESLEY (tilz'li) "WITH SHAKER- LEY, shak'er-li. A town in Lancashire, Eng- land, 10 miles northwest of Manchester. Its modern growth is due to its cotton manufactures and neighboring collieries. Population, in 1891, 12,891: in 1901, 14.843. TY'LER. The county-seat of Smith County, Tex., 105 miles east by south of Dallas; on the Saint Louis Southwestern and the International and Great Northern railroads (Map: Texas, G 3). It has Tyler College, a commercial and literary institution, and Texas College (Metho- dist) for colored youths. Noteworthy are the city hall, the Federal court and post-otfice build- ing, the Court of Criminal Appeals building, and the Saint Louis Southwestern Railroad Hospital. There are two parks. Bellevue and Lakewood. Tyler derives considerable impor tance from its situation in a fertile section pro diieing large quantities of fruit, vegetables, and cotton. A box and crate factory, a fruit and vegetable cannery, a pottery, and railway shops are the leading industrial establishments. There are several wholesale houses. Under the charter of 1876 the government is vested in a mayor, chosen biennially, and a unicameral council. Tyler was settled about 1844, and was first in-